Statistics and Quantitative Traits

Question 1

sample statistics

Answer 1

known vs. unknown
population mean
population variance
population standard deviation

Question 2

bell curve

Answer 2

all of a populations phenotypes for a trait
normal distribution

Question 3

sample mean

Answer 3

sum of all observations / sample size (n)

Question 4

variations

Answer 4

how individuals vary for a trait in a population

Question 5

variance formula

Answer 5

(X1-μx)^2 + (X2-μx)^2 … / n+1

Question 6

covariance

Answer 6

how two traits vary together
X and Y
positive, negative, or neutral direction

Question 7

covariance formula

Answer 7

(X1-μx) (Y1-μx) + (X2-μx) (Y2-μx) … / n-1

Question 8

types of correlation

Answer 8

phenotypic: rPx,Py
genotypic: rBVx,BVy
environmental: rEx,Ey

Question 9

regression

Answer 9

amount of change in a variable that can be expected for a given amount of change in another variable
cause and effect

Question 10

regression formula

Answer 10

by.x = cov(X,Y) / σ^2x

Question 11

model for quantitative traits

Answer 11

P = μ + G + E

Question 12

prediction formula

Answer 12

Yi = μy + by.x + (Xi-μx)