Statistics Flashcards
It is a bunch of Mathematics that deals with the methods of collecting, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
Statistics
Data can be described as:
- Continuous
2. Discrete
Types of population
- Finite population
2. Infinite population
Basic ways of gathering data
By counting
By measurement
By questionnaire
Through experiment
Basic sampling strategies
Random sampling
Stratified random sampling
Systematic random sampling
Cluster sampling
It takes an all real values in an interval or when data is obtained through measurement.
Continuous
Data is obtained by counting
Discrete
Contains finite no. of members or units
Finite population
Infinitely large no. of units and there is no limit to the no. of units it contains
Infinite population
Refer to the set of observations on any subject or situation under investigation
Data
Refers to the universe from which conclusion of the study must be formed
Population
Portion of the universe or population and usually has the same characteristics as the entire population
Sample
2 distinct fields of activities in statistics
Statistical method
Mathematical statistics
Deals with collecting, organizing, and summarizing data so that valid conclusions may be drawn from it
Statistical method
Deals with the formulation and explanation of principles and theories which serve as the basis for the statistical method
Mathematical statistics
Importance of Statistics
Statistics is a prime consideration in almost all field like education, business, agriculture, economics, and engineering among others.
Statistics can present facts with preciseness.
Statistics facilitates comparison.
Statistics can be used to predict future events.
Statistics is one of the best tools to formulate and test hypothesis.
Arranging data in the form of rows and tables.
Tabular presentation
Ways of organizing data
Organization by alphabetical order
Arrangement by rank
Array of data
Organization by frequency distribution
It is the difference between the highest and lowest values.
Range
Midpoints of the class intervals
Class mark
Steps in Constructing Frequency Distribution
- Determine the range.
- Decide on the number of classes or class intervals into which the data are to be grouped.
- Determine the class width.
- List the lower and upper class limits of the first class interval.
- List all the succeeding class intervals.
- Tally data values in each class interval.
The quotient of range divided by the number of class intervals.
Class width
