Statistics Flashcards
In SPSS, what option can be used to show frequency and distribution?
Histogram
What are the functions of DATA VIEW in SPSS
Edit, calculate and analyse data
In a normal distribution what is the median in comparison to the mean?
Almost the same
What can be shown using the ERROR BAR in SPSS?
Mean +/- 2SEM
If two sets of sample data have different means, are their global means significantly different?
Not certain, do a test of hypothesis
When comparing two sets of data, under what situation are they significantly different?
P<0.05 or <0.01
If a small group of patients are measured twice over a period of time what method can be used to compare means?
Paired t-test
Explain Paired and Independent T-test
Paired = compare two sets of data from two groups Independent = compare two/more sets of data from the same group
Effect of SD and n on SEM
SD increase, SEM increase
n increase, SEM decrease
What is representative of ANOVA?
Analysis of variance
Upper and lower bounds for confidence interval of 95%?
Mean +/- 2SEM
When do you apply a Post Hoc test?
Following ANOVA
Linear regression into non-linear situations?
Replace non-linear variable with a variable one
In chi-squares used to compare practical data, what principle is applied?
All items occur at the same probability
When to apply non-parametric test methods?
When data is ordinal and rank
In non-parametric test methods, what info can be used to assess differences between sample groups?
Rank and sign
Significant values if two variables have linear correlation?
P<0.05 or <0.01
In linear regression equations, what coefficients are calculated?
Coefficient in front of variable and a constant
When is a null or primary hypothesis accepted?
P<0.05
Standard Deviation is a measure of what?
Dispersion tendency
If a sample occurs more than another it is what?
Of a higher frequency
1 SD, 2 SD and 3 SD as percentages?
68%, 95% and 99%
What files can be input into SPSS directly?
Text, Excel, Direct Input
Situation for using t-test methods?
Sample data should be scale and data distribution normal
What is required to apply meta-analysis in practise?
Collect data from multiple sources and data formats should be the same
What is required to apply survival analysis in practise?
The data should cover a long time period with a large sample size
Usually, satisfactory rate is calculated as a percentage. How do you compare your results with other sample groups?
Chi-square
How to analyse one variable from different sample groups?
ANOVA
How to find correlations between two sets of data?
Pearson correlation coefficient
How to analyse assigned data such as pain scores before and after treatment?
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
How to analyse assigned data such as pain scores for two variables?
Mann-Whitney U test
