Statistics Flashcards
Biased sample
A sample is biased if it does not represent the population
Census
Observes every member of a population
Continuous data
Data that can take any value in a specific range
Critical value
Point or points on a scale of a test statistic beyond which we reject the null hypothesis
Discrete data
Data that can only take specific values
Hypothesis test
A statistical test that is used to determine if there is enough evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population
Opportune sample
Take a sample from people, who are available at the time the study is carried out, who fit the criteria you are looking for
Parameter
A numerical measure that describes the entire population
Population
The whole set of items that are of interest
P value
Probability of getting the test statistic or a more extreme value (for two tailed tests this probability needs to be doubled). The p value is then compared to the significance level
Qualitative Data
Non numerical observations
Quantitative Data
Numerical observations
Quota sample
An interviewer or researcher selects a sample that reflects the characteristics of the whole population.
Sample
A subset of the population
Sampling frame
A list of the population from which a sample has to be taken
Simple Random Sampling
Every sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected
Statistic
A numerical measure from a sample
Stratified Random Sampling
The population is divided into mutually exclusive strata and a random sample is taken from each Stratton proportion to the size of the strata
Systematic Random Sampling
The required elements are chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list
Test statistic
A numerical measure taken from a sample in order to test a hypothesis about a population
