Statistics Flashcards
Biased sample
A sample is biased if it does not represent the population
Census
Observes every member of a population
Continuous data
Data that can take any value in a specific range
Critical value
Point or points on a scale of a test statistic beyond which we reject the null hypothesis
Discrete data
Data that can only take specific values
Hypothesis test
A statistical test that is used to determine if there is enough evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population
Opportune sample
Take a sample from people, who are available at the time the study is carried out, who fit the criteria you are looking for
Parameter
A numerical measure that describes the entire population
Population
The whole set of items that are of interest
P value
Probability of getting the test statistic or a more extreme value (for two tailed tests this probability needs to be doubled). The p value is then compared to the significance level
Qualitative Data
Non numerical observations
Quantitative Data
Numerical observations
Quota sample
An interviewer or researcher selects a sample that reflects the characteristics of the whole population.
Sample
A subset of the population
Sampling frame
A list of the population from which a sample has to be taken
