Statistics Flashcards
A science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data
Statistics
Involves more than the simple collection, tabulation and summarizing of data
Statistics
Uses of statistics:
- Give a precise description of data
- Predict the outcome of experiment or behaviour of an individual
- Used to test the hypothesis
Deals with the method of organizing, summarizing and presenting a mass of data
Descriptive Statistics
Deals with making generalizations about a body of data. Analysis of a subset of data leading to predictions or inferences
Inferential Statistics
Individuals or entities under consideration or study
Population
Part of the population or sub-collection of elements
Sample
Characteristic of interest measurable
Variable
Types of variable
Qualitative
Quantitative
Categories or attributes, which have non-numerical characteristics
Qualitative variable
Consist of numbers representing counts or measurements
Quantitative Variable
Results from either a finite number of possible values or a countable number
Discrete Quantitative Variable
Results from infinitely many possible values
Continuous Quantitative Variable
Characteristic of a population
Parameter
Characteristic of a sample
Statistic
Conducted to gather opinions or feedbacks
Survey
Conducted by gathering information from the entire population
Census Survey
Gathering information only from part of the population
Sampling Survey
Data that consists of names, labels, or categories only
Nominal
Arranged in some order
Ordinal
No inherent (natural) zero starting point
Interval
Include the inherent zero starting point
Ratio
Types of Direct or Interview Method
Face-to-face Interview
Telephone Interview
Computed Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI)
Types of Indirect or Questionnaire Method
Paper-pencil-questionnaires
Web based questionnaires
Enforced by certain laws
Registration method
Oftentimes used when the respondents cannot read nor write
Observation Method
Determine the cause and effect of certain phenomena or event
Experimental Method
Characteristics of a good question
Unbiased
Must be clear and simply stated
Must be precise
Lend themselves to easy analyses
Kinds of questions
Open questions
Closed questions
Collected from original sources
Primary Data
Information taken from published or unpublished materials
Secondary Data
Process of selecting the samples from the population
Sampling
Latin Word status meaning _____
“state”
Entire group the researcher is interested in
Target population
Collection of elements from which the sample is actually taken
Sampled population
Listing of all individual units in the population
The frame
