Statistics 299 Review

Question 1

Empiricism:

Answer 1

If we want the best answer, needs to be through empirical science
Example: What goes into being happy?
-measure
-hypothesis
-Theory
-variables
Collecting observations, information, and data
Empirical experiments and observations are carried out carefully and reported in detail so that other scientists and investigators can repeat and attempt to verify the work.

Question 2

Quantitative:

Answer 2

(systematic empiricism, we want to put numbers to things)
Putting things in numbers, numbers are involved in research
-What analysis to use:
Continuous
Categorical

Question 3

Qualitative:

Answer 3

Qualitative Empiricism
the quality of something, words, gives you superficial understanding, analyzing language

Question 4

Categorical

Answer 4

(separate categories or topics, distinct groups that can be measured, might not have a logical order)
yes/no
present/absent
Condition 1,2 or 3
Drug, placebo

Question 5

Continuous

Answer 5

(can be an infinite number of values between any two values)
Score on midterm one
Personality inventory
Scale of 1-10

Question 6

Hypothesis:

Answer 6

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Educated guess
Prediction from a theory
Scientific statements are ones that can be verified with reference to empirical evidence

Question 7

Theory:

Answer 7

An idea for a situation
Ex: People with narcissistic personality disorder are more likely to audition for Big Brother than those without narcissism (example from book)

Question 8

Sample:

Answer 8

A sample data set contains a part, or a subset, of a population. The size of a sample is always less than the size of the population from which it is taken.
In most cases, wouldn’t be logical to measure all the data from a population (for example, every woman in the United States height), would take way too long and would be more reasonable to find the sample

Question 10

Population

Answer 10

A population data set contains all members of a specified group (the entire list of possible data values)
Example, measuring every woman’s height in the US

Question 11

Central Limit Theorem

Answer 11

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNm3M9cqWyc
Population: parameters
Sample: Statistics
Populations have set characteristics
Samples have characteristics
Tells us the shape of the distribution
Increase number in the sample more the normal curve will be in middle (bell curve)
The central limit theorem tells us exactly what the shape of the distribution of means will be when we draw repeated samples from a given population. Specifically, as the sample sizes get larger, the distribution of means calculated from repeated sampling will approach normality.
Measure enough people (representing population), then you’ll have a bell-like curve (histogram) with people centered at the middle (mean)

Question 12

Central Tendency

Answer 12

Most representative sore
How to measure:
Mode
Median
Mean

Question 13

Mean:

Answer 13

Add all scores up and divide by the number of scores

Question 14

Median:

Answer 14

Middle number of data set

Question 15

Mode:

Answer 15

Values that comes up the most
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3aKKasOmIw

Question 17

Null Hypothes
Alternative Hypothesis
T Test

Answer 17