Statistics

Question 1

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 1

A hypothesis or claim that is being tested. If there is not sufficient evidence to disprove the null hypothesis, then the null hypothesis is accepted. If the null hypothesis is rejected, then the alternative hypothesis is accepted.

Question 2

What is a type 1 error?

Answer 2

Occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected but it is actually true.

Question 3

What is a type 2 error?

Answer 3

Occurs when the null hypothesis is accepted but it is actually false.

Question 4

What is the student t-test?

Answer 4

One of the most commonly used techniques for testing a hypothesis on the basis of a difference between sample means. It is most commonly applied when the dataset follows a normal distribution.

The null hypothesis associated with a t test is that the means of two variables studied are not different from each other.

Question 5

T or F: randomization serves to balance potential confounding factors between treatment groups, not to control for placebo effects.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Odds ratio

Answer 6

The odds of the patients developing pain is the probability of having pain divided by the probability of not having pain.

The odds ratio is the ratio of the odds of an outcome (pain) among the exposed group (those who had a paravertebral block) to the odds of the outcome (pain) among the unexposed group (those who did not have the block)