Statistics Flashcards
Descriptive Study purpose
Document/communicate experience, begin to search for explanation
Descriptive Study - Study Types
Case Reports, case series, population studies
Observational Study Purpose
Generates hypothesis about causes, etiologies, predictions; investigator observes nature
Observational Study study types
Case control, cohort (follow up), cross-sectional
Experimental study purpose
Evaluate efficacy of interventions, investigator controls randomization
Experimental study - study types
Clinical trials
Types of controls in studies
Placebo, historical, standard treatment, cross-over
What is the hypothesis for each study type? Superiority, Equivalence, and Non-inferiority
Superiority: no difference
Equivalence: groups are not equivalent
Non-inferiority: therapy is NOT non-inferior to standard
Types of descriptive statistics
Measures of central tendency
Measures of variability (range, IQR, stdev)
Types of inferential statistics
Confidence intervals
Nominal data definition
No implied rank/order
No arithmetic relationship between classes
Examples of nominal data
Response rate, ADE (yes/no), groups, categories
Ordinal Data definition
Categories with implied rank order
Order is understood, but the intervals are not equal
Examples of ordinal data
Likert scale, NYHA HF classes
Incidence
of new cases over x time
/ total at risk population
Incidence
of new cases over x time
/ total at risk population
Prevalence equation
of existing disease cases
/ total population
