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BIOL-118 > Statistics > Flashcards

Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

What is an independent variable?

A

The properties that we manipulate

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2
Q

What are dependent variables?

A

The data that change in response to the independent variables

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3
Q

What is central tendency?

A

Where the variable is usually found
Best understood measure is the arithmetic mean.

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4
Q

What is variability?

A

Likelihood of occurrence

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5
Q

What is the sample mean?

A

Estimates the actual population mean, - average value

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6
Q

How do you calculate the mean?

A

Sum of x values/ sample number

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7
Q

How do you calculate variance?

A

Sum of squares/ sample number -1

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8
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

Measures variation of the sample (is the square root of variance)

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9
Q

What is the standard error?

A

The standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size

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10
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

There is no effect of X on Y

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11
Q

What is the alternative hypothesis?

A

There is an effect of X on Y

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12
Q

What does it mean if P value is larger or smaller than alpha.

A

P > alpha = accept null hypothesis
P < alpha = reject null hypothesis

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13
Q

What is ANOVA?

A

Analysis of variance. Determines wether samples are significantly different by using a variance ratio test (the F test).

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14
Q

In ANOVA what types of data are the independent and dependent variables?

A

Independent = categorical
Dependent = Continuous

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15
Q

What is the figure type in an ANOVA test?

A

Bar graph

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16
Q

What is linear regression?

A

Fitting a line of x,y points.

17
Q

What are the independent and dependent variables in linear regression?

A

Both are continuous

18
Q

What is Chi-squared test?

A

Test to see if qualitative variable differs significantly from the expected frequencies

19
Q

What are the independent and dependent variables in chi squared test?

A

Independent = categorical
Dependent = frequency

20
Q

What figure would be used to represent a linear regression?

A

Scatter plot

BIOL-118 (6 decks)

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