Statistics

Question 1

Mean

Answer 1

Add all values together and divide by how many there are

Question 2

Median

Answer 2

the middle value (average middle 2 if odd number of values

Question 3

Mode

Answer 3

the most frequently observed value

Question 4

Range

Answer 4

the range in values (maximum and minimum)

Question 5

Standard deviation

Answer 5

estimate of the average variability (spread) of the data

Question 6

95% confidence interval

Answer 6

the range of values around that statistics (so 95% of values will fit into between the range of values)

Question 7

Standard error

Answer 7

Standarderrorthestandarddeviationofthesamplingdistributionofagiven statistics

Question 8

P value

Answer 8

-the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis
-The null hypothesis is that there is no difference
- P < 0.05 is described as significant.
- P < 0.05: Essentially if its less than 0.05%. Therefore, you are 99.95% sure there is a significant difference!

Question 9

Normal distribution

Answer 9

• Important for quantitative data
• Ensures that data is representative of a “normal” population
• Helps determine how we present data
• Helps determine what statistical test we would use to analyse data

Question 10

Tests for normal distribution

Answer 10

-Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Or Shapiro-Wilk test

Question 11

What does it mean if they value is significant

Answer 11

it indicates the sample is NOT normally distributed

Question 12

Normal distribution on SPSS

Answer 12

-copy data into SPSS
-click analyse
-descriptive statistics then explore
-add variables into the dependent list
-click on plots with tests,histogram an then continue

Question 13

Parametric

Answer 13

• If our data is normally distributed we choose “PARAMETRIC” tests

Question 14

Non parametric

Answer 14

If our data is not-normally distributed we choose “NON-PARAMETRIC” tests

Question 15

Type 1 error

Answer 15

Occurs when we believe that there is a genuine effect in our population, when in fact there isn’t

Question 16

Type 2 error

Answer 16

Occurs when we believe there is no effect in the population, when there is

Question 17

Two tailed

Answer 17

= A test of a non-directional hypothesis, i.e. x may or may not predict y or x is maybe different from y

Question 18

One tailed

Answer 18

= A test of a directional hypothesis, i.e. x will predict y or x is different from y

Question 19

What is statistics

Answer 19

Collection,organisation,analysis,interpretation and presentation of data

Question 20

How to calcite mean.mode range on SPSS

Answer 20

-copy data into SPSS
-analyse, descriptive statistics ,explore
-click the arrow to add variables into the dependent list
-click statistics and press ok

Question 21

How to determine if ur data is paired(dependent) or unpaired(independent)

Answer 21

Compare participants in different group
>they are independent from each other,different people in each groups receiving different types of treatment

Compare participants in the same group
>they are dependent same people tested twice receiving the same treatment

Tip:if it has a control group it is independent

Question 22

T test(2 types depending on whether your data is independent or dependant)

Answer 22

-independent t-test= as your data is independent from each other eg different groups
-dependent t test=as your data is dependent on each other

Question 23

what type of data is t Test used for

Answer 23

Parametric

Question 24

How do u determine if the data is parametric

Answer 24

Complete a Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Shapiro-wilk test to see if the p value is significant,if its not it means its normally distributed so its parametric

Question 25

Levenes test for equality of variance

Answer 25

tests whether your groups are similar, i.e. do you have significantly more participants in one group than the other. If the p value for this is significant, choose the p value that corresponds

Question 26

Degrees of freedom

Answer 26

Number of participants minus number of groups

Question 27

T

Answer 27

T statistics measures the size of the difference relative to the variation in your sample data.The greater the magnitude of T,the greater the evidence against the null hypothesis

Question 28

What does ANOVA tell u

Answer 28

That there is. A difference between groups

Question 29

What doesn’t the ANOVA tell u

Answer 29

What group the difference is between is so we run a post-hoc tests which then compare each group to each other to work whether which Ines are different from each other