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A-Level Maths Edexcel > Statistics > Flashcards

Statistics Flashcards

1
Q

Standard Deviation

A

o = √Ex^2/n - mean^2

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2
Q

Census

A

Observing or measuring every member of the population

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3
Q

Population

A

the whole set of items that are of interest

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4
Q

Sample

A

A selection of observations taken from a subset of the population that are used to find out information about the population as a whole

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5
Q

Advantages of a census

A

Gives completely accurate results

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6
Q

Disadvantages of a census

A
  • Time consuming and expensive
  • Cannot be used when the testing process destroys the item
  • Hard to process large quantity of data
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7
Q

Advantages of a sample

A
  • Less time consuming and expensive than a census
  • Fewer people have to respond
  • Less data to process than a census
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8
Q

Disadvantages of a sample

A
  • The data will not be as accurate
  • The sample may not be large enough to give information
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9
Q

Sampling units

A

Individual units of a population

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10
Q

Sampling frame

A

When sampling units are individually named or numbered to form a list

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11
Q

Three methods of random sampling:

A
  1. simple random sampling
  2. systematic sampling
  3. stratified sampling
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12
Q

Simple random sampling

A

Every sample of size n has equal chance of being selected

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13
Q

Systematic sampling

A

The required elements are chosen at random intervals from an ordered list

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14
Q

Stratified sampling

A

The population is divided into mutually exclusive strata (e.g. males and females) and a random sample is taken from each

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15
Q

Two methods of non-random sampling:

A
  1. Quota sampling
  2. Opportunity sampling
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16
Q

Quota sampling

A

An interviewer or researcher selects a sample that reflects the characteristics of the whole population

17
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

Taking the sample from people who are available at the time of the study and who fit the criteria they are looking for

A-Level Maths Edexcel (3 decks)

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