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Quantitative research > Statistical Principles > Flashcards

Statistical Principles Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘x’

A

The numerical value of an observation

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2
Q

what is ‘n’

A

Number of sampling units in a sample

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3
Q

what is ‘x bar’

A

sample mean

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4
Q

what is ‘s’

A

sample standard deviation

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5
Q

what is ‘P’

A

probability

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6
Q

what is ‘H0’

A

null hypothesis

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7
Q

what is ‘H1’

A

alternative to a null hypothesis

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8
Q

what does ‘Descriptive Statistics’ do?

A

Organise
Summarise
Simplify
Describe and present data

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9
Q

what does ‘Inferential Statistics’ do?

A

Generalise from samples to populations
Hypothesis testing
Make predictions

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10
Q

what is the lowest level of information?

A

Nominal

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11
Q

what is the 3rd level of information?

A

Ordinal

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12
Q

what is the 2nd level of information?

A

Interval

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13
Q

what is the highest level of information?

A

Ratio

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14
Q

what is nominal level data?

A

Does no more than identify categories (names/classification)
Team position
Ethnicity
Marital status

Categories are mutually exclusive
The name of a category can be substituted by a number but it is simply a label with no numeric meaning

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15
Q

What is ordinal level data?

A

Can still be classified but can also now be rank ordered

The distance between ranks, it has no meaning
Ranks can’t be manipulated mathematically

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16
Q

What is interval level data?

A

Distance

The distance between units has meaning, e.g. the distance between 70-80 is the same as 30-40

But a value of zero does not indicate an absolute zero, meaning ratios don’t make any sense

Score on IQ test of 40, is not 2 40’s.

17
Q

What is ratio level data?

A

Natural Origin

Characteristics of all the other but now has a natural origin (includes an absolute zero)
Age, weight, height

Anything you can construct a meaningful fraction (or ratio)

18
Q

What level of measurement is VO2max (ml.kg.min-1)?

A

Ratio

19
Q

What level of measurement is Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE: scale 1-20)

A

Ordinal or interval

20
Q

What level of measurement is Energy intake (calories)

A

Ratio

21
Q

What level of measurement is Body Mass Index (kg.m-2)

A

Ratio

22
Q

What level of measurement is Weight classification (healthy weight, obese)

A

Ordinal

23
Q

What level of measurement is Profile of Mood States (POMS: scale 1-7)

A

Ordinal or interval

24
Q

What level of measurement is Blood group

A

Nominal

Quantitative research (2 decks)

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