Statistical Principles Flashcards
What is ‘x’
The numerical value of an observation
what is ‘n’
Number of sampling units in a sample
what is ‘x bar’
sample mean
what is ‘s’
sample standard deviation
what is ‘P’
probability
what is ‘H0’
null hypothesis
what is ‘H1’
alternative to a null hypothesis
what does ‘Descriptive Statistics’ do?
Organise
Summarise
Simplify
Describe and present data
what does ‘Inferential Statistics’ do?
Generalise from samples to populations
Hypothesis testing
Make predictions
what is the lowest level of information?
Nominal
what is the 3rd level of information?
Ordinal
what is the 2nd level of information?
Interval
what is the highest level of information?
Ratio
what is nominal level data?
Does no more than identify categories (names/classification)
Team position
Ethnicity
Marital status
Categories are mutually exclusive
The name of a category can be substituted by a number but it is simply a label with no numeric meaning
What is ordinal level data?
Can still be classified but can also now be rank ordered
The distance between ranks, it has no meaning
Ranks can’t be manipulated mathematically
What is interval level data?
Distance
The distance between units has meaning, e.g. the distance between 70-80 is the same as 30-40
But a value of zero does not indicate an absolute zero, meaning ratios don’t make any sense
Score on IQ test of 40, is not 2 40’s.
What is ratio level data?
Natural Origin
Characteristics of all the other but now has a natural origin (includes an absolute zero)
Age, weight, height
Anything you can construct a meaningful fraction (or ratio)
What level of measurement is VO2max (ml.kg.min-1)?
Ratio
What level of measurement is Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE: scale 1-20)
Ordinal or interval
What level of measurement is Energy intake (calories)
Ratio
What level of measurement is Body Mass Index (kg.m-2)
Ratio
What level of measurement is Weight classification (healthy weight, obese)
Ordinal
What level of measurement is Profile of Mood States (POMS: scale 1-7)
Ordinal or interval
What level of measurement is Blood group
Nominal
