Station 3 Q2 Drug coverage Flashcards
Doxycycline
Doxycycline is a bacteriostatic tetracycline. It has activity against both gram +ve
and gram -ve bacteria as well as having slight coverage against atypical bacteria. From a gram +ve perspective it covers streptococcus species, such as streptococcus pneumoniae. It also covers staphylococcus aureas, this includes meticillin resistant and sensitive staphylococcus aureas. From a gram -ve perspective it covers Moraxella and Haemophilus influenzae. It can also target mycoplasma which is an atypical bacteria.
Fluconazole
Fluconazole is an antifungal belonging to the azole class. It has activity against most yeasts, including malassezia fufur, and most candida species including candida albicans and candida glabrata. It has activity against dermatophytes such as trichophyton species and microsporum species. It has no activity against mucorales. Whilst it is not used to treat moulds, it has variable susceptibility towards bipolaris species and penicillin species moulds.
Amphoteracin B
Amphoteracin B is an other antifungal. It covers Yeasts with variable suspetibilities to cetain candida species such as candida auris. It covers most moulds including bipolaris species, penicillium species and exophiala species. It is suspeptible to mucorales such as mucor species. It doesn’t cover dermatophytes.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillan is a bactericidal aminopenicillin. It has activity against both gram +ve
*and gram -ve bacteria as well as anaerobe coverage. From a gram +ve perspective it covers listeria, enterococcus and streptococcus species such as streptococcus pneumoniae. From a gram -ve perspective it covers neisseria meningitidis, proteus and haemophilus influenzae. It also covers the anaerobes fusobacteria and peptostreptococcus.**
Aciclovir
Aciclovir is an antiviral that belongs to the guanine analogue class. Its primary indications are for the treatment of herpes simplex and shingles.
Famciclovir
Famciclovir is an antiviral that belongs to the guanine analogue class. Its primary indications are for the treatment of herpes simplex and shingles.
Valaciclovir
Valaciclovir is an antiviral that belongs to the guanine analogue class. Its primary indications are for the treatment of herpes simplex, shingles, cytomegalovirus
Amoxiclav
Q2: Comment on the spectrum of microbiological activity of this drug? Does it have activity against Gram +’ve, Gram -‘ve, anaerobic bacteria, or fungi, or specific viruses?
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate is an aminopenicillin combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It has activity against gram -ve, gram +ve and anerobic bacteria. Gram -ve bacteria it covers includes, Moraxella, proteus, klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitis. Gram +ve bacteria it covers includes Listeria, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and other strep. Anaerobic bacteria it covers includes fusobacteria, Bacteroides and Peptostreptococcus.
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial with bactericidal properties belonging to the quinolones class. It has activity against gram +ve, gram -ve and atypical bacteria. Some of the gram +ve it covers include the coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and enterococcus faecalis. It covers a wide variety of gram -ve bacteria including Moraxella, Haemophilus influenzae and Serratia. The atypical bacteria it covers include Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma.
Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin is an antibacterial with bacteriostatic properties belonging to the macrolide class. It covers the gram -ve bacteria Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. It covers gram +ve bacteria including Staphylococcus lugdunesis, streptococcus pneumoniae and other strep. It covers some anaerobed such as Actinomyces and atypical bacterial such as Chlamydia species and mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Flucloxacillin
Flucloxacillin is a bactericidal antibacterial of the penicillin class. It has coverage against some gram +ve bacteria including coagulase-negative staphylococci, Meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and some streptococcus species.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is a bactericidal antibacterial belonging to the penicillin class. It covers some gram +ve bacteria including staphylococcus saprophyticus (coagulase negative staphylococci) and other strep. It has very little gram -ve bacterial coverage but it does cover Pasteurella multocida. It covers some anaerobes such as fusobacteria and Peptostreptococcus.
Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibacterial belonging to the class “other”. Sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide. Together they have both gram -ve and gram +ve bacterial coverage. From a gram +ve perspective they cover both Meticillin-resistant and meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureas, Listeria, and coagulase-negative staphylococci to variable degrees. From a gram -ve perspective this combination covers Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella among others. It can also cover Norcardia species which are atypical.
Cefalexin
Cefalexin is an antibacterial with bactericidal properties belonging to the cephalosporin class. It covers the gram -ve bacteria Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp.. It covers the gram +ve bacteria streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and other strep. It also covers some anaerobes such as cultibacterium acnes.
Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibacterial belonging to the class “other”. It mainly covers gram -ve bacteria including Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli and Serratia. It can also cover the gram ve+ bacteria Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
