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Science > Static Electricity > Flashcards

Static Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does a balloon become “Static” when rubbed on your head?

A

Because some electrons move from the atoms and molecules in your hair onto the balloon. The balloon becomes negative because it has electrons, and your head becomes positive because it now has less electrons than protons.

(Basically, the electrons from your hair transfer onto the balloon making the balloon negative, and your head becomes positive because it just lost electrons, meaning it has more protons then electrons, it’s an opposites attract type thing)

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2
Q

What is happening with the electrons when clothes in the dryer develop static cling?

A

When the clothes are rubbing together in the dryer, some electrons from one piece can be transferred onto another, making both items charged.

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3
Q

Why do you sometimes get a shock when you touch a metal doorknob after rubbing your feet on a carpet?

A

When you rub your feet on the carpet, some electrons transfer onto your body. When you touch the doorknob (positively charged, the electrons want to jump from you to the knob and are transferred very quickly to it. That tiny shock you feel is the result of the quick movement of these electrons.

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4
Q

What is an Electrical Discharge?

A

An electric discharge is when charges are removed very quickly from an object.

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5
Q

What is an example of electrical discharge?

A

Lightning is a GIANT electric discharge.

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6
Q

Based on your knowledge of the atom, explain why negative particles can be transferred from one object to another, but positive particles can not move.

A

he negative particles are the electrons, and they are in the “cloud” around the atom. They can move more easily from one atom to another. But the positive particles are the protons, and they are held in the nucleus of the atom. They can’t go anywhere.

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7
Q

What is the unit of measurement for electrical charges?

A

The coulomb (symbolized C).

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8
Q

How much is one Coulomb?

A

One coulomb is the charge of about 6 x 1018 electrons, or 6,000,000,000,000,000,000 electrons or 6 Quintilian.

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9
Q

What is an electrostatic force?

A

An electrostatic force is when charged objects attract or repel each other.

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10
Q

What are the three laws of Electrostatics?

A

Opposites Attract
Charges of the same sign repel
Charged object attract neutral objects

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11
Q

What are 4 uses of static electricity?

A

Cling/Saran wrap
Car paint
Electrostatic Smoke filter in chimneys
Photocopier

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12
Q

What is the difference between Static and Current Electricity?

A

Static Electricity is when charges build up in one location

Current Electricity is when electrons are on the move

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13
Q

Why can’t we use static electricity to do work, such as powering or charging an electrical appliance?

A

Static electricity cannot do any work because electric charges have to be moving to accomplish work.

(Static Electricity can’t power things because it doesn’t move, and electrical charges need to move to power things)

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14
Q

What is an electric current?

A

The flow of electrons through a circuit.

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15
Q

What is an Electrical circuit?

A

Electrical circuit is the path an electrical current flows.

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16
Q

What is the basic unit that electric current (electricity) is measured in?

A

Amperes, or “amps” (A)

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17
Q

What are Amps?

A

The amp is the flow of electrical current across a surface at a rate of one Coulomb going through circuit per second (1C/s).

18
Q

What instrument is used to measure current?

A

Ammeters

19
Q

What are the two Types of Current?

A 
Direct Current (DC)
Alternating Current (AC)
20
Q

What is a Direct Current?

A

A direct current occurs when the electricity is stored in a battery and travels in one direction out of the battery.

21
Q

What is an Alternating Current?

A

An alternating current occurs when the current changes direction repeatedly within an electrical system.

22
Q

What are the components of a circuit?

A

Switch
Source
Load
Conductor

23
Q

What is a source in a circuit?

A

The source gives the electrical energy.

24
Q

What is a load in a circuit?

A

The load uses the electrical energy to do work.

25
Q

What is a conductor in a circuit?

A

The conductor gives a path for the flow of electrons around the circuit.

26
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Energy stored in a system, ready to be released to do work.

27
Q

Name and Explain the type of potential Energy in the example

Ex. Drawing a bow to fire an arrow

A

Elastic Potential Energy

The stretched bow can push the arrow

28
Q

Name and Explain the type of potential Energy in the example

Ex. A water bucket falling from the top of a door

A

Gravitational potential Energy

The bucket can fall

29
Q

Name and Explain the type of potential Energy in the example

Ex. A lemon with copper and zinc in it, attached with wire

A

Electrical Potential Energy

The chemical reactions between the acid and the metals can push electrons through a circuit

30
Q

What is electrical potential difference/energy?

A

The electrical potential difference is the energy stored in a battery that provides the ‘push’ to move electrons through a circuit.

31
Q

What is voltage measured in?

A

Volts (V)

32
Q

What are all forms of energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

33
Q

What is the formula for calculating potential Difference?

A

V= E/Q

V= Volts
E= Energy (Joules)
C= Charge (Coulombs)
34
Q

How can you measure the potential difference between two points in a circuit?

A

Using an instrument called a voltmeter

35
Q

What is a switch in a circuit?

A

A switch is used to turn on or off the flow of electrons.

36
Q

What is the formula for calculating Current and Charge?

A

I- Q/t

I= Current (Amps)
Q= Charge (Coulombs)
T= time (seconds)
37
Q

When Calculating Charge and Current, if you know
Q= 240 Coulombs
t= 5 mins (300 seconds)
What does I equal?

A 
I= Q/t
I= 240C/300s
I= 0.8 A
38
Q

When Calculating Charge and Current, if you know
E= 45 J
Q= 15 C
What does V equal?

A 
V= E/Q
V= 45J/15C
V= 3V
39
Q

What are Electrochemical Cells?

A

Batteries, but more specifically
Cells
Chemical Cells
Electrical Cells

40
Q

What are Electrodes?

A

The two different metals in a battery that push and pull the electrons through the circuit.

41
Q

What are Electrolytes?

A

The paste or liquid in a battery that reacts chemically with the metals of the electrodes to push and pull the electrons through the circuit.

42
Q

What’s the difference between Voltage and Current?

A

The current is the flow of electrons through a circuit

The Voltage is the force that pushes electrons from the source through the circuit

Science (2 decks)

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