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Physics > Static And Current Electricity > Flashcards

Static And Current Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Polythene Rod

A

Gains electrons if a woollen cloth is rubbed on it (becomes negatively charged)

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2
Q

Perspex Rod

A

Loses electrons if it is rubbed by a woollen cloth (becomes positively charged)

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3
Q

Unlike charges

A

Attract each other

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4
Q

Like charges

A

Repel each other

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5
Q

Earthing

A

Occurs when a charged object losses its charge to the earth through a conductor

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6
Q

Static Electricity

A

Is a build up of electric charge that can occur on good insulators e.g. Polythene and Perspex Rods

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7
Q

An Electric Current

A

Is a flow of electric charge (electrons)

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8
Q

Conductors

A

Are substances which allow electric current to flow through them freely

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9
Q

Insulators

A

Are substances which do not allow electric currents to flow through them

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10
Q

A Closed Circuit

A

Is needed for the current to flow, if there is a break in a circuit then the current won’t flow. -> the electric energy can’t get through.

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11
Q

Energy provided…

A

…by a battery or power pack, it is needed to move the current around the circuit

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12
Q

The battery pumps electrons

A

From its negative end around a circuit

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13
Q

The electrons are attracted

A

Back to the positive end of the battery

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14
Q

Potential Difference

A

The difference in electrical pressure between the positive and negative ends of a battery/power pack.

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15
Q

Whenever there is a potential difference

A

Electricity will flow

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16
Q

This potential difference is known as..

A

Voltage and is measured in volts

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17
Q

Resistance

A

Is the opposite to the flow of electrons. The unit is Ohm, and it is measured using an Ohmmeter

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18
Q

If a resistor

A

Is placed in an electric circuit, it will slow down the flow of electrons.

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19
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Ohm’s law states that voltage is directly proportional to current.

20
Q

DC

A

Direct current goes in one way only e.g the current from a battery.

21
Q

AC

A

Alternating current changes very quickly, many times a second.

22
Q

Mains Supply

A

The mains supply, the electricity in our homes, supplied by the ESB, is A.C. It flows at a potential difference of 230 Volts.

23
Q

The ring circuit

A

All households have a ring circuit made of love, neutral and earth wires.
Sockets are tapped off at points along this ring circuit.

24
Q

Fuse

A

Is a safety device that prevents the circuit from over heating. It will melt when it is too hot, breaking the circuit.

25
Q

Circuit breakers

A

Are used in the fuse board of the home, and this trips, to stop the flow of current from entering the house.

26
Q

Live wire

A

Is brown and it carries most electricity it is connected to the plugs fuse on the right hand side.

27
Q

Neutral wire

A

Is blue and is connected to the left hand side.

28
Q

Earth wire

A

Is a safety wire, no electricity flows in the earth wire unless the appliance it is attached to becomes “live” eg a toaster, in this case the earth wire would carry the current to the earth instead of you electrocuting yourself should you touch the toaster.

29
Q

Watt

A

The Watt (W) is the unit of electrical power

30
Q

ESB charges a fee for the number of

A

Kilowatts (1000 watts) used per hour

31
Q

ESB’s unit of electricity is

A

The kilowatt hour (KWh)

32
Q

Kilowatt hour

A

Is the electrical energy used by a 1KW appliance running for 1 hour

33
Q

Heating effect

A

Boil water in a kettle, immersion heater, electric cooker, fuse in plug.

34
Q

Chemical effect

A

Electroplating cheap metal with more expensive metal e.g. sliver, electrolysis (splitting) of water, mobile phone battery.

35
Q

Magnetic effect

A

Electromagnet made with a wire wrapped around a nail, electric motor, speakers, circuit breaker I’m fuse board.

36
Q

Electronics

A

Is the careful and exact control of tiny amounts of electric current.

37
Q

Diode

A

A diode is a component that will allow current to flow in one direction only

38
Q

Forward Biased

A

If the positive end of the battery is connected to the positive end of a diode the diode is said to be “forward biased” and current can flow.

39
Q

Reverse Biased

A

If the positive end of the battery is connected to the negative end of the diode it is said to be “Reverse Biased” and no electricity can flow.

40
Q

A diode can be used

A

Change alternating current into direct current

41
Q

Electronic devices such as radios, tape recorders and calculators

A

Need low voltage direct current. They work off the main ESB supply which is a high voltage alternating current because they have an adaptor built into them. The adaptor has a transformer which reduces the voltage and a diode which changes the current from a.c to d.c

42
Q

Light emitting diode

A

Is a diode that gives out light when a current flows through it

43
Q

Current will only flow when LED

A

Is forward biased

44
Q

LED’s use only tiny currents so

A

A resistor must be connected in series with it

45
Q

LED’s are useful as they are

A

Cheap, reliable and long lasting and use far less current then other light bulbs

46
Q

Light Dependent Resistor

A

It is a resistor whose resistance depends on light

47
Q

When light falls on an LDR

A

It’s resistance decreases, this low resistance will allow a current through the circuit

Physics (7 decks)

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