States/State Functions Flashcards
Which one letter abbreviation is used to designate entropy?
Entropy = (S)
Which one letter abbreviation is used to designate enthalpy?
Enthalpy = (H)
What are the eight types of state functions?
- pressure
- density
- temperature
- volume
- enthalpy
- internal energy
- Gibbs free energy
- entropy
On a phase diagram, what is the triple point?
The point at which the temperature and pressure of all three phases are at equilibrium.
On a phase diagram, what is the critical point?
The temperature and pressure at which the densities of liquids and gases are equal and there is no distinction between the two phases.
Which compound can change from gas to solid to liquid?
Water
What is the difference between vaporization and condensation?
vaporization: liquid → gas (an endothermic process)
condensation: gas → liquid
What is the difference between sublimation and deposition?
sublimation: solid → gas
deposition: gas → solid
(occurs at low temperatures and pressures)
What is the difference between melting (or fusion) and freezing?
melting: solid (ice) → liquid
freezing: liquid → solid (ice)
The phase diagram for water is different from others because its solid-liquid boundary is slanted to the left (has a negative slope). Why is this?
Ice is less dense than liquid water.
Ice has more hydrogen bonding and its bonds are more separated than liquid water.
What is temperature at standard state conditions?
- 25°C (298 K)
- P = 1 atm
- Concentrations = 1 M
What is temperature at standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
- 0°C (273 K)
- P = 1 atm
(used for gas law calculations)
What is the one letter abbreviation designated for heat?
Heat = (Q)
