States of Matter & the Kinetic molecular theory Flashcards
Define Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.
Define Boiling Point
The temperature of a liquid at which its vapor pressure equals the external (atmospheric) pressure.
Define Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid changes its phase or state to become a liquid. The process is called melting.
Define Freezing Point
The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to become a solid. The process is called freezing.
Condensation is the process of what?
the process of going from a gas to liquid.
Sublimation is the process of what?
the process of going from a solid to a gas. The reverse process is called deposition.
Deposition is the process of what?
the process of going from a gas to a solid. The reverse process is called sublimation.
Evaporation is the process of what?
the change of a liquid to a vapor at any temperature below the boiling point. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid, where molecules with the highest kinetic energy are able to escape. When this happens, the average kinetic energy of the liquid is lowered, and its temperature decreases.
What is the kinetic theory of matter used for?
helps us to explain why matter exists in different phases, and how matter can change from one phase to another. The kinetic theory of matter also helps us to understand other properties of matter.
What does the kinetic theory of matter say?
the kinetic theory of matter says that all matter is composed of particles which have a certain amount of energy which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature (energy). There are spaces between the particles and also attractive forces between particles when they come close together.
The energy and movement of particles in solids?
Low energy - particles vibrate around a fixed point.
The energy and movement of particles in liquids?
Particles have more energy than in the solid phase but less than in the gas phase.
The energy and movement of particles in gases?
Particles have high energy and are constantly moving.
The spaces between particles of solids?
Very little space between particles. Particles are tightly packed together.
The spaces between particles of liquids?
Bigger spaces than in solids but smaller than in gases.
The spaces between particles of gases?
Large spaces because of high energy.
The attractive force between particles of solids?
Very strong forces. Solids have a fixed volume.
The attractive force between particles of liquids?
Weaker forces than in solids, but stronger forces than in gases.
The attractive force between particles of gases?
Weak forces because of the large distance between particles.
The change in phases of solids?
Solids become liquids or gases if their temperature is increased.
The change in phases of liquids?
A liquid becomes a gas if its temperature is increased. A liquid becomes a solid if its temperature decreases.
The change in phases of gases?
In general a gas becomes a liquid or solid when it is cooled. Particles have less energy and therefore move closer together so that the attractive forces become stronger, and the gas becomes a liquid or a solid.
