States of Matter & the Kinetic molecular theory

Question 1

Define Diffusion

Answer 1

Diffusion is the movement of particles from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Question 2

Define Boiling Point

Answer 2

The temperature of a liquid at which its vapor pressure equals the external (atmospheric) pressure.

Question 3

Define Melting Point

Answer 3

The temperature at which a solid changes its phase or state to become a liquid. The process is called melting.

Question 4

Define Freezing Point

Answer 4

The temperature at which a liquid changes its phase to become a solid. The process is called freezing.

Question 5

Condensation is the process of what?

Answer 5

the process of going from a gas to liquid.

Question 6

Sublimation is the process of what?

Answer 6

the process of going from a solid to a gas. The reverse process is called deposition.

Question 7

Deposition is the process of what?

Answer 7

the process of going from a gas to a solid. The reverse process is called sublimation.

Question 8

Evaporation is the process of what?

Answer 8

the change of a liquid to a vapor at any temperature below the boiling point. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid, where molecules with the highest kinetic energy are able to escape. When this happens, the average kinetic energy of the liquid is lowered, and its temperature decreases.

Question 9

What is the kinetic theory of matter used for?

Answer 9

helps us to explain why matter exists in different phases, and how matter can change from one phase to another. The kinetic theory of matter also helps us to understand other properties of matter.

Question 10

What does the kinetic theory of matter say?

Answer 10

the kinetic theory of matter says that all matter is composed of particles which have a certain amount of energy which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature (energy). There are spaces between the particles and also attractive forces between particles when they come close together.

Question 11

The energy and movement of particles in solids?

Answer 11

Low energy - particles vibrate around a fixed point.

Question 12

The energy and movement of particles in liquids?

Answer 12

Particles have more energy than in the solid phase but less than in the gas phase.

Question 13

The energy and movement of particles in gases?

Answer 13

Particles have high energy and are constantly moving.

Question 14

The spaces between particles of solids?

Answer 14

Very little space between particles. Particles are tightly packed together.

Question 15

The spaces between particles of liquids?

Answer 15

Bigger spaces than in solids but smaller than in gases.

Question 16

The spaces between particles of gases?

Answer 16

Large spaces because of high energy.

Question 17

The attractive force between particles of solids?

Answer 17

Very strong forces. Solids have a fixed volume.

Question 18

The attractive force between particles of liquids?

Answer 18

Weaker forces than in solids, but stronger forces than in gases.

Question 19

The attractive force between particles of gases?

Answer 19

Weak forces because of the large distance between particles.

Question 20

The change in phases of solids?

Answer 20

Solids become liquids or gases if their temperature is increased.

Question 21

The change in phases of liquids?

Answer 21

A liquid becomes a gas if its temperature is increased. A liquid becomes a solid if its temperature decreases.

Question 22

The change in phases of gases?

Answer 22

In general a gas becomes a liquid or solid when it is cooled. Particles have less energy and therefore move closer together so that the attractive forces become stronger, and the gas becomes a liquid or a solid.