States of matter and changes of state Flashcards
The four principles of kinetic molecular theory:
- All matter is made of particles
- Particles are always in motion
- Particles move more at higher temperatures
- Particles do not lose kinetic energy on collision
Two properties of solids:
- Fixed shape
- Fixed volume
- Cannot be compressed
- Cannot flow
Two properties of liquids:
- Variable shape
- Fixed volume
- Cannot be compressed
- Weaker attraction between particles
Two properties of gases:
- Variable shape
- Variable volume
- Can be compressed
- Weakest attraction between particles
Two less-conventional states of matter:
- Plasma
- Liquid crystal
- Bose-Einstein condensate
- Neutron-degenerate matter
Compare and contrast Kelvin and Celsius:
- Kelvin starts at 0K/Celsius “starts” at -273.15
- Kelvin does not use degrees
- One unit of either temperature is proportional to the other
Define and provide one example of an endothermic state change
State change that requires heat to be taken in
Melting, evaporating, sublimating
Define and provide one example for an exothermic state change
State change that requires heat to be emitted
Freezing, condensing, depositing
Formula for kinetic energy
Ek = 1/2 * mass * velocity^2
Latent heat of fusion? For water?
Amount of energy required to change from a solid to liquid; 6.8x less than vaporization
Latent heat of vaporization? For water?
Amount of energy required to change from a liquid to a gas; 6.8x more than fusion
Brief description of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and how it changes with temperature?
Graph of energy vs # of gas particles. Most particles meet around a median peak, with less being far away from the peak.
Increases in temperature cause the peak to move right and lower.
