States of Matter - Amber Flashcards
Solid
Solids have a definite shape and volume
Liquid
Liquids change shape, not volume
Gas
Gases are free to spread in all directions
Plasma
Plasma is a state of matter that does not have a definite shape and in which the particles have broken apart
Energy
The capacity to do work
Thermal energy
The kinetic energy of a substances atoms
Evaporation
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
Sublimination
The process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
Condensation
The change of a substance from a gas to a liquid
Crystalline solid
Crystalline solids have and orders arrangement of atoms or molecules
Amorphous solid
Amorphous solids are composed of atoms or molecules that are in no particular order
Surface tension
The force acting on the particles at the surface of a liquid cause a liquid to form spherical drops
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Heat
A transfer of energy that causes the temperature of a substance to change, which can lead to a change of state
Endothermic change
Changes that require energy
Exothermic change
Changes that release energy
Fluid
A nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other as in a gas or liquid
Buoyant force
The upward force exerted on an object immersed in or floating on a fluid
Pressure
The amount of force exerted per unit of a surface
Archimedes’ principle
The principle that states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of fluid that the object displaces
Pascal
The SI unit of pressure - equal to the force of 1 N exerted over an area of 1 M^2
(abbv. Pa)
Pascal’s principle
The principle that states that a fluid in equilibrium contained in a vessel exerts a pressure of equal intensity in all directions
Viscosity
The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow
Boyle’s law
The law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volumes of the gas increases as the pressure of the gas decreases and the volume of the gas increases
Charles’s law
The law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases
Gay-Lussac’s law
The law that states that the pressure of a gas at a constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature
