States of Matter Flashcards
What is the Particle Theory?
The Particle Theory states that solids have atoms that are packed together, liquids have atoms that aren’t very close together but aren’t “free” and gases have particles that are “free” which means they are rapidly moving.
What are the differences between solids, liquids and gases?
The differences between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by looking at the particles/atoms. All substance are made out of particles. The particles move around which is described as having kinetic energy which increases with temperature.
Solids…
cannot be squashed easily, have a high density, will not spread out and have a fixed shape.
Liquids…
cannot be squashed easily, flow to fill up space and spreads out slowly.
Gases…
can be squashed easily, have a low density, expand to fill up all available space and spreads out slowly.
Define ‘changes in state’.
Substances can change state using temperature. This is called changes of states.
Define ‘boiling point’.
The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to a gas.
In the case of when ice melts into water, explain the process, applying the Particle Theory.
First the particles are bonded but as the temperature rises, slowly the particles start breaking the bonds. As the ice melts into water, we can see that all bonds have been broken. When the water starts to heat up the particles become more energetic/excited, therefore changing the state of matter.
Define ‘gas pressure’.
Gas pressure is when gas is held inside a sealed container. With the particles moving rapidly, they hit the inner surface of the container, causing pressure. Temperature(heat) and compression of the gas can cause an increase in gas pressure.
Define ‘diffusion’.
Diffusion is when 2 different gases merge. This can also occur in liquids but at a slower rate.
Why do metals expand when heated?
Metals expand when heated because the heat excites the particles but since metal is a solid and the particles are all packed together. The sudden burst of kinetic energy calls for a need in space, therefore making the metals expand.
How do you calculate Mass?
Density by Volume.
How do you calculate Density?
Mass divided by Volume.
How do you calculate Volume?
Mass divided by Density.
