states of matter

Question 1

solid

Answer 1

an object that holds its self together

Question 2

liquid

Answer 2

: state of matter that has a fixed volume, but no fixed shape

Question 3

gas

Answer 3

: state of matter with no fixed shape or volume

Question 4

properties

Answer 4

: characteristics or features of an object or substance

Question 5

diffusion

Answer 5

: the spreading of one substance through another due to the movement of their particles

Question 6

mass

Answer 6

: the quantity of matter in an object (usually measured in grams or kilograms)

Question 7

volume

Answer 7

: the amount of space taken up by an object or substance

Question 8

fluid

Answer 8

: a substance that flows and has no fixed shape. Gases and liquids are fluids.

Question 9

melting point

Answer 9

: the temperature at which a solid substance turns into a liquid (melts) or a liquid turns into a solid (freezes)

Question 10

boiling point

Answer 10

: the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas

Question 11

sublimation

Answer 11

: the change in state from a solid into a gas (or from a gas into a solid) without first becoming a liquid

Question 12

precipitation

Answer 12

: falling water in solid or liquid form. The type of precipitation depends mostly on the temperature in the clouds and the air around them.

Question 13

meteorologist

Answer 13

: scientist who uses observation of the atmosphere to predict or explain the weather

Question 14

particle model

Answer 14

: a description of the moving particles that make up all matter and how they behave. The model explains the properties of solids, liquids and gases.

Question 15

expands

Answer 15

: increase in size due to the movement of particles in a substance

Question 16

contracts

Answer 16

: shorten or become smaller in size

Question 17

alchemists

Answer 17

: olden-day ‘chemist’ who mixed chemicals and tried to change ordinary metals into gold. Alchemists also tried to tell the future.

Question 18

observations

Answer 18

: information obtained by the use of our senses or measuring instruments

Question 19

scientists

Answer 19

: people skilled in or working in the fields of science; scientists use experiments to find out about the material world around them

Question 20

elements

Answer 20

: pure substance made up of only one type of atom

Question 21

atoms

Answer 21

: a very small particle that makes up all things. Atoms have the same properties as the objects they make up.

Question 22

atomic number

Answer 22

: number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number determines which element an atom is.

Question 23

chemical symbol

Answer 23

: the standard way that scientists write the names of the elements, using either a capital letter or a capital followed by a lowercase letter. For example, carbon is C and copper is Cu.

Question 24

compounds

Answer 24

: substance made up of two or more different types of atoms that have been joined (bonded) together

Question 25

bonded

Answer 25

: force that holds particles of matter, such as atoms, together

Question 26

mixtures

Answer 26

: a combination of substances in which each keeps its own properties

Question 27

hydrogen

Answer 27

: the element with the smallest atom. By itself, it is a colourless gas and combines with other elements to form a large number of substances, including water. It is the most common element in living things.

Question 28

oxygen

Answer 28

: a gas in the air (and water) that animals need to breathe in; made up of particles with two oxygen atoms. Plants produce oxygen as part of photosynthesis.

Question 29

metals

Answer 29

: elements that conduct heat and electricity; shiny solids that can be made into thin wires and sheets that bend easily. Mercury is the only liquid metal.

Question 30

non-metals

Answer 30

: elements that do not conduct electricity or heat. They melt and turn into gases easily and are brittle and often coloured.

Question 31

periodic table:

Answer 31

a table listing all known elements. The elements are grouped according to their properties and in order of the number of protons in their nucleus.

Question 32

group:

Answer 32

in the periodic table of elements, a single vertical column of elements whith a similar nature

Question 33

inert

Answer 33

: not reactive

Question 34

noble gas

Answer 34

: elements in the last column of the periodic table. They are extremely inert gases.