States of Matter

Question 1

define chemistry

Answer 1

the study of the composition, structure, properties and reactions of matter

Question 2

matter

Answer 2

anything that has volume and mass

Question 3

different states of matter

Answer 3

solid, liquid, gaseous, plasma

Question 4

four main ideas behind the particulate theory of matter

Answer 4

-all matter is composed of particles

-the particles are in constant motion and temperature affects their speed of motion

-the particles have empty spaces between them

-the particles have forces of attraction between them

Question 5

kinetic theory of matter

Answer 5

all matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion, moving at random speeds in many different directions

Question 6

how are the particles of solid positioned

Answer 6

solids are tightly packed together, vibrating about a fixed position.

Question 7

the shape and volume of solid particles

Answer 7

solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.

Question 8

how are the particles of liquid positioned

Answer 8

particles of liquids are less likely packed but are far enough apart to slide over one another

Question 9

the shape and volume of liquid particles

Answer 9

liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume

Question 10

how are the particles of gas positioned

Answer 10

particles of gas are very far apart and move freely

Question 11

the shape and volume of gas particles

Answer 11

gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume

Question 12

melting point

Answer 12

the temperature at which solids melt to form a liquid or a liquid freezes to form a solid

Question 13

boiling point

Answer 13

the temperature at which a liquid boils to form a gas or a gas condenses to form a liquid.

Question 14

solid to liquid

Answer 14

melting

Question 15

the heat movement during melting

Answer 15

heat goes into the solid as it melts

Question 16

liquid to solid

Answer 16

freezing

Question 17

the heat movement during freezing

Answer 17

heat leaves liquid as it freezes

Question 18

liquid to gas

Answer 18

vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation

Question 19

the heat movement during vaporization

Answer 19

heat goes into the liquid as it evaporates

Question 20

gas to liquid

Answer 20

condensation

Question 21

the heat movement during condensation

Answer 21

heat leaves the gas as it condenses

Question 22

solid to gas

Answer 22

sublimation

Question 23

the heat movement during sublimation

Answer 23

heat goes into the solid as it sublimes

Question 24

plasma

Answer 24

a plasma is an ionized gas

Question 25

what is the common state of matter?

Answer 25

plasma

Question 26

what state like gas has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume?

Answer 26

plasma

Question 27

some places where plasma are found:

Answer 27

- flames - lightning - aurora (northern lights) -the sun (a star in its plasma state)

Question 28

which two processes provide evidence to support the fact that all matter is made of particles

Answer 28

diffusion and osmosis

Question 29

diffusion

Answer 29

the movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Question 30

osmosis

Answer 30

the movement of water molecules through a differentially permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration of water molecules to a region of lower concentration

Question 31

the three different types of particles that make up matter

Answer 31

atoms, molecules, ions

Question 32

atoms

Answer 32

the smallest unit of a chemical element

Question 33

molecules

Answer 33

groups of two or more atoms **bonded** together

Question 34

ions

Answer 34

electrically charged particles

Question 35

what is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields ?

Answer 35

plasma

Question 36

matter can be broken down into two categories..

Answer 36

pure substances and mixtures

Question 37

Matter is composed of tiny particles. Each particle is composed of one or more .......

Answer 37

atoms

Question 38

elements

Answer 38

are particles that are composed of one atom or multiple copies of the same atom.

Question 39

compound

Answer 39

are particles that are composed of two or more different atoms

Question 40

atom

Answer 40

are composed of protons, neutrons, electrons and a lot of empty space

Question 41

protons

Answer 41

are tiny positively charged subatomic particles that are located in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 42

nucleus

Answer 42

a tiny dense area in the center of the atom

Question 43

neutrons

Answer 43

are tiny neutral subatomic particles located in the nucleus of the atom.

Question 44

what is the area outside of the nucleus called?

Answer 44

the electron cloud

Question 45

most of the electron cloud is composed of.........

Answer 45

empty space

Question 46

Brownian motion

Answer 46

is the random movement of particles in a fluid due to their collisions with other atoms or molecules

Question 47

Brownian motion is also known as.....

Answer 47

pedesis, which comes from the Greek word for 'leaping'

Question 48

electrons

Answer 48

are very tiny negatively charged subatomic particles located around the nucleus.