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Science > States Of Matter > Flashcards

States Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the change of state when a solid becomes a liquid called?

A

Melting

The temperature at which this occurs is known as the melting point.

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2
Q

At what temperature does ice melt?

A

0°C

This is the melting point of ice.

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3
Q

What is the melting point of gold?

A

1064 °C

This is a specific property of gold.

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4
Q

What is a property in the context of substances?

A

A characteristic that allows us to distinguish one substance from another

Each substance has its own unique properties.

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5
Q

What is the definition of boiling point?

A

The temperature at which particles throughout a liquid have enough energy to change to a gas

This is a critical property of a substance.

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6
Q

At what temperature does pure water boil?

A

100 °C

This is the boiling point of pure water.

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7
Q

What is the boiling point of vinegar?

A

118 °C

This is a specific property of vinegar.

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8
Q

What is the boiling point of liquid gold?

A

2856 °C

This indicates the high temperature required for gold to transition from liquid to gas.

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9
Q

What occurs when a liquid boils?

A

All particles in the liquid have enough energy to become a gas

This is different from evaporation.

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10
Q

What is evaporation?

A

The process where particles on the surface of a liquid change into a gas

Evaporation can occur at any temperature.

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11
Q

True or False: Evaporation can only occur at the boiling point of a liquid.

A

False

Evaporation can happen at any temperature, not just at boiling.

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12
Q

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

A

Boiling involves all particles in a liquid, while evaporation involves only surface particles

Boiling requires heating, whereas evaporation can occur at any temperature.

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13
Q

What is air composed of?

A

A mixture of gases

Air is primarily made up of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and trace gases.

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14
Q

What is gas classified as in terms of states of matter?

A

One of the states of matter

The other states of matter include solid, liquid, and plasma.

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15
Q

What are the two main properties of all matter?

A
  • It takes up space
  • It has mass

These properties are fundamental to understanding the physical nature of matter.

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16
Q

What is the process of heat transfer from one object to another called?

A

Conduction

Conduction is a fundamental method of heat transfer, distinct from convection and radiation.

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17
Q

What are substances that conduct heat well called?

A

Thermal conductors

Thermal conductors are typically metals like copper and aluminum, known for their ability to transfer heat efficiently.

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18
Q

What is a property of substances related to heat?

A

How well a substance can conduct heat

This property determines how effectively heat is transferred through a material.

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19
Q

Which type of materials are generally good conductors of heat?

A

Metals

Metals have free electrons that allow heat to flow easily through them.

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20
Q

What is the best conductor of heat?

A

Silver

Silver has the highest thermal conductivity among all metals.

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21
Q

True or False: Non-metals are good conductors of heat.

A

False

Non-metals, such as wood and plastic, do not conduct heat well.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is the best conductor of heat.

A

Silver

Silver is recognized for its superior thermal conductivity.

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23
Q

Name two examples of non-metals that are poor conductors of heat.

A
  • Wood
  • Plastic

These materials are often used as insulators due to their low thermal conductivity.

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24
Q

What are substances that can conduct electricity called?

A

Electrical conductors

Electrical conductors are materials that allow the flow of electric current.

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25
Q

What is the ability to conduct electricity considered?

A

A property of materials and substances

This property varies among different materials.

26
Q

What happens to solid ice in a warm place?

A

It melts to become liquid water

This is an example of a change of state, which is a physical change.

27
Q

What is a change of state?

A

A physical change where a substance alters how it looks or feels without changing into a new substance

Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling.

28
Q

Is the change from liquid water back to solid ice reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

The process can be repeated: liquid water can be frozen back into solid ice.

29
Q

What causes ice to melt into liquid water?

A

Heating

Heat energy is added to the solid ice to change its state.

30
Q

What happens when water loses heat?

A

It cools and becomes solid again

This process is the reverse of melting.

31
Q

What term describes changes that cannot be reversed?

A

Irreversible changes

Examples include burning a match or cooking an egg.

32
Q

What is produced when a match is burned?

A

A black substance called carbon

This indicates a chemical change has occurred.

33
Q

Can the wood from a burned match change back to its original state?

A

No

This is an example of an irreversible change.

34
Q

Complete the statement: A physical change alters how a substance looks or feels, but _______.

A

does not change into a new substance

This distinguishes physical changes from chemical changes.

35
Q

What is an example of a reversible change?

A

Changing solid ice to liquid water and back to solid ice

This demonstrates the concept of reversible physical changes.

36
Q

What is the term for a substance that dissolves in a liquid?

A

Solute

The solute is the component in a solution that is dissolved.

37
Q

What is the term for the liquid in which a solute dissolves?

A

Solvent

The solvent is the component in a solution that does the dissolving.

38
Q

What do the solute and solvent together form?

A

Solution

A solution is a homogeneous mixture formed by the solute and solvent.

39
Q

True or False: Sea water is salty because it has dissolved salt in it.

A

True

Sea water contains a significant amount of dissolved salts, primarily sodium chloride.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: Some substances can _______ in water or other liquids.

A

dissolve

Dissolving is the process where a solute becomes incorporated into a solvent.

41
Q

What happens to the particles of a solute when it dissolves?

A

The particles of the solute move between the solvent particles and spread evenly.

42
Q

What is the visual appearance of a solution after a solute has dissolved?

A

A solution has a uniform appearance, meaning it looks the same throughout.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: A solution has a _______ appearance.

A

uniform

44
Q

True or False: You can see the solute in a solution after it has dissolved.

A

False

45
Q

What does it mean for a solution to have a uniform appearance?

A

It looks the same throughout.

46
Q

What happens to particles in matter when temperature increases?

A

They move faster and spread out more

Increased temperature adds energy to the particles.

47
Q

How does increased temperature affect the energy of particles in a substance?

A

It adds energy, causing them to move faster

This increased movement leads to greater spacing between the particles.

48
Q

What is the effect of heat on solute particles in a heated solvent?

A

They gain energy and move faster

This increased movement allows the solute to dissolve faster.

49
Q

True or False: Solute particles dissolve faster in cooler solvents.

A

False

In cooler solvents, solute particles move slower and dissolve less efficiently.

50
Q

Fill in the blank: The energy added by heat causes particles to _______.

A

move faster

51
Q

What is the relationship between temperature and the movement of particles in a solution?

A

Higher temperature leads to faster movement of particles

This relationship enhances the dissolution process.

52
Q

What happens when some substances are mixed together?

A

They change and form a new substance called a chemical reaction

53
Q

What are the substances that react together called?

A

Reactants

54
Q

What are the new substances that form from a chemical reaction called?

A

Products

55
Q

What is evidence for chemical reactions?

A

Evidence for chemical reactions includes observable changes such as the formation of a gas, color change, temperature change, or precipitation.

56
Q

Give an example of a chemical reaction that produces a gas.

A

The reaction between vinegar and bicarbonate of soda produces a gas.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: A _____ is a sign that a chemical reaction has occurred.

A

product

58
Q

What observable change can indicate a chemical reaction?

A

Formation of a gas

59
Q

True or False: The only evidence for a chemical reaction is the formation of a gas.

A

False

60
Q

List other ways to tell if a chemical reaction has taken place.

A
  • Color change
  • Temperature change
  • Precipitation

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