States of Matter Flashcards
What are the characteristics of solids?
- definite shape
- distinct boundaries
- fixed volumes
- not very compressible
4.5. rigid
How can you call a rubber band a solid if it changes its shape when stretched?
A rubber band changes shape under force and regains the shape when the force is removed. It breaks if excessive force is applied.
How can you call salt or sugar solids even though they take the shape of the container they are kept in?
The shape of each individual sugar or salt crystal remains fixed.
How can you call a sponge a solid if it is compressible?
A sponge has minute holes, in which air is trapped, when we press it, the air is expelled out and we are able to compress it.
What are the characteristics of liquids?
- no fixed shape
- fixed volume
- take up the shape of the container in which they are kept
- flow and change shape
- called fluid
How can aquatic animals breathe underwater?
Aquatic animals can breathe underwater due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in water. The gases from the atmosphere diffuse and dissolve in water. These gases (oxygen and co2), are essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants.
The rate of diffusion of liquids is higher than that of solids. True or False. Justify.
True. In the liquid state, particles move freely and have greater space between each other as compared to particles in the solid state.
What are the characteristics of gases?
- no fixed shape
- no fixed volume
- highly compressible
- takes the shape of the container it is kept in
Give three examples of compressed gas.
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) for cooking, CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) for fuel in vehicles, and oxygen cylinders provided in hospitals.
How does the smell of food being cooked in the kitchen reach us even if we are one room away?
The particles of the aroma of food mix with the particles of air spread from the kitchen, and reach us even farther away.
How does the smell of hot cooked food reach us in seconds?
Due to the high speed of particles and the large space between them, gases show the property of diffusing very fast into other gases.
How does air fill a balloon and take its shape?
In gaseous state, the particles move about randomly at high speed. Due to this random movement, the particles hit each other and also the walls of the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is caused by the force exerted by gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container. Hence, the balloon gets filled with air.
Draw the diagrams of the motion of particles in each state of matter.
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