states of matter Flashcards
Solid properties
Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume. Solids can’t be compressed because the space between the particles of solids is negligible (they have a high density).
Liquid properties
Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. Liquids can be slightly compressed (large pressure is required to compress them) because they have considerable space between particles, are less dense then solids and intermolecular forces of attraction is weaker than solids.
Gas properties
Gases have no fixed volume and no fixed shape. Gases are easy to compress because they have a lot of space between particles (low density) and their intermolecular forces are extremely weak.
Solids → Liquid
Melting
Liquid → Solids
Freezing
Gas → Liquid
Condensation
Liquid → Gas
Evaporation/Boiling
Gas → Solid
Deposition
Solid → Gas
Sublimation
Explanation of dilution of coloured solutions (dilution of potassium)
The random motion of particles cause the purple colour to eventually be evenly spread out throughout the water. Adding more water to the solution causes the potassium manganate particles to spread out further apart therefore the solutions becomes less purple.
Explanation of diffusion of gases
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from a high concentration to a low concentration. Diffusion occurs in liquids and gases (fluids) when their particles collide randomly and spread out. Diffusion is an important process for living things - it is how substances move in and out of cells.
What is a solvent?
A solvent is any substance, usually liquid, which is capable of dissolving one or several substances, creating a solution.
What is a solute?
The substance that dissolves in a solvent to produce a solution.
What is a solution?
A solution is a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution in which the maximum amount of solvent has been dissolved. Any more solute added will sit as crystals on the bottom of the container.
