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Chemistry EoY exam revision > States of matter > Flashcards

States of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

The​ ​three​ ​states​ ​of​ ​matter​ ​are​ ​solid,​ ​liquid​ ​and​ ​gas

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2
Q

What point does melting​ ​and​ ​freezing​ ​take​ ​place​ ?

A

​the​ ​melting​ ​point

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3
Q

solid​ ​→​ ​liquid:​ ?

A

Melting

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4
Q

liquid​ ​→​ ​solid:​ ​?

A

Freezing

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5
Q

What point does boiling and condensing take place?

A

the boiling point

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6
Q

Liquid​ ​→ Gas: ?

A

Boiling

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7
Q

Gas ​→ Liquid: ?

A

Condensing

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8
Q

Which particles have the most energy?

A

Gas particles have the most energy as the particles are most spread apart

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9
Q

Does liquid or solid particles have more energy?

A

Liquid particles have more energy than those in a solid, but less than those in a gas and solid has least energy- the particles are fixed

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10
Q

What types of changes are state changes?

A

Physical changes- they involve the forces between the particles of the substances but the particles themselves don’t change

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11
Q

What is chemical changes?

A

When a new product has been formed?

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12
Q

What can help to explain melting, boiling, condensing and freezing?

A

Particle theory

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13
Q

What does the amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and liquid to gas depend on?

A

The forces between the particles of the substance

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14
Q

What does the nature of the particles involved depend on?

A

The type of bonding and the structure of the substance

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15
Q

What does the stronger the forces between the particles mean?

A

The higher the melting point and boiling point of the substance.

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16
Q

What are substances at temperatures below melting point?

A

Solid

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17
Q

What are substances at temperatures above the melting point but below the boiling point?

A

Liquid

18
Q

What are substances that are at temperatures above the boiling point?

A

Gas

19
Q

What does a mixture consist of?

A

A mixture consists of 2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined tgoether

20
Q

What are the chemical properties of each substance in the mixture?

A

Unchanged

21
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance

22
Q

What is simple distillation?

A

Used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture liquids

23
Q

When does simple distillation work?

A

When the liquids have different boiling points

24
Q

What is simple distillation commonly used for?

A

To separate ethanol from water

25
Q

How is simple distillation used to separate ethanol from water?

A

Ethanol has a lower bp than water so it evaporates first, the ethanol vapour is then cooled and condensed inside the contender to form a pure liquid

26
Q

What is the sequence of events in simple distillation?

A

heating​ ​-> evaporating​ ​->​ ​cooling​ ​->​ ​condensing

27
Q

In a solid how are the particles arranged?

A

Regularly and packed closely together, the particles are only able to vibrate about fixed position, they cant move around. The particles have strong forces of attraction between them, which keep them together

28
Q

In a liquid how are the particles arranged?

A

In a liquid, the particles are still mostly touching but some gaps have appeared, this is why liquids are usually less dense than solids. The forces between particles are less effective and the particles can move around each other, the particles in a liquid are arranged randomly.

29
Q

In a gas how are the particles arranged?

A

The particles in a gas are moving randomly at high speed in all directions. In a gas, the particles are much further apart and there are (almost) no forces of attraction between them

30
Q

Melting point

A

The temperature at which solid melts

31
Q

Freezing point

A

The temperature at which liquid freezes

32
Q

When does boiling occur?

A

When liquid is heated so strongly that the particles are moving fast enough to overcome all forces of attraction between them?

33
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas

34
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to solid

35
Q

Diffusion

A

Spreading out of particles from where they are at a high concentration to where they are at a low concentration

36
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance that dissolves in a solvent

37
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid that the solute dissolves in

38
Q

What is a solution?

A

The mixture of the dissolved solute and the solvent it is dissolved in

39
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

1A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve

40
Q

Equation for solubility

A

Solubility (g/100g) = mass of solute/ mass of solvent x 100

Chemistry EoY exam revision (1 decks)

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