States of matter

Question 1

Solvent

Answer 1

The liquid that a solute dissolves in

Question 2

Solid arrangement, movement and energy

Answer 2

arrangement - has a fixed shape, closely packed together, regular pattern
movement - vibrates in a fixed position
energy - low compared to liquid + gas

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

The substance which dissolves in a liquid (solvent) to form a solution

Question 4

Solution

Answer 4

The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent

Question 5

Liquid arrangement, movement and energy

Answer 5

arrangement - no fixed shape, moves randomly
movement - sliding past each other, flows
energy - energy level in between solid and gas

Question 6

Gas arrangement, movement and energy

Answer 6

arrangement - random positions, spread out
movement - moves very quickly in random directions
energy - highest energy

Question 7

Saturated solution

Answer 7

A solution where the solute can no longer dissolve in the solvent

Question 8

Soluble

Answer 8

Describes a substance that will dissolve

Question 9

Insoluble

Answer 9

Describes a substance that won’t dissolve

Question 10

What is melting

Answer 10

solid to liquid
when heated, heat energy turns into kinetic causing particles to vibrate fast causing the particles to break apart

Question 11

Diffusion in gases

Answer 11

All the particles (air and other elements) are moving randomly and there are large gaps between particles.
The particles can therefore easily mix together

Question 12

What is boiling

Answer 12

liquid to gas
heat causes bubbles of gas to form below the surface of liquid, liquid particles escape from the surface and the liquid

Question 13

Diffusion in liquid

Answer 13

All the particles (water and other elements) are moving randomly and the particles can slide over each other.
The particles can therefore easily mix together.

Question 14

What is freezing

Answer 14

liquid to solid
Slows movement of particles down

Question 15

Why is diffusion slower in liquids

Answer 15

Diffusion in liquids is slower than in gases because the particles in a liquid are closely packed together and move more slowly

Question 16

What is evaporation

Answer 16

liquid to gas
Occurs at the surface of liquids, high energy particles escape from the surface at low temps
heated, particles need energy to escape from the surface

Question 17

dilution of coloured solutions

Answer 17

Adding more water to the solution causes the coloured particles to spread out further apart therefore the solutions color becomes lighter or fades. This is called dilution.

Question 18

What is condensation

Answer 18

gas to liquid
when gas is cooled particles lose energy and bump into each other, not enough energy to bounce away, groups together to form a liquid

Question 19

What is sublimation

Answer 19

solid directly to gas
examples - iodine, solid CO2