States of Matter

Question 1

What is the structure and arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 1

• Particles arranged regularly and close together
• particles vibrate around a fixed position
• gives the solid a fixed shape

Question 2

What is the structure and arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 2

• Arranged randomly but close together
• particles can move around and over each other
• this allows liquids to be poured and flow

Question 3

What is the structure and arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 3

• Widely spaces and randomly arranged
• can be compressed
• free to move in any direction
• collide with each other and walls of container

Question 4

Describe the change from solid to liquid

Answer 4

melting - increased energy makes particles vibrate fast enough so forces of attraction break

Question 5

Describe the change from liquid to gas

Answer 5

evaporation - energy makes particles move fast enough so that all forces of attraction are broken

Question 6

Describe the change from gas to liquid

Answer 6

condensation - particles move slower due to less energy so forces of attraction hold them as a liquid

Question 7

Describe the change from liquid to solid

Answer 7

freezing - particles move slower due to less energy to forces of attraction hold them as a solid

Question 8

What is the change from solid to gas (or gas to solid)

Answer 8

sublimation

Question 9

Describe an experiment to show the dilution/diffusion of coloured solutions

Answer 9

• Dissolve potassium manganate(VII) in water
• random motion of particles shows purple colour spread out through water

Question 10

Describe an experiment to show the diffusion of gases

Answer 10

• Cotton wool soaked with ammonia and another in hydrogen chloride solution
• both placed at either end of a glass tube at the same time
• white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the hydrochloric acid
• ammonia particles are lighter thus travel faster

Question 11

what is the substance that dissolves called

Answer 11

solute

Question 12

the liquid in which something dissolves is called what

Answer 12

solvent

Question 13

the combination of both solute and solvent is called what

Answer 13

solution

Question 14

what is a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved called

Answer 14

saturated solution

Question 15

What are the units of solubility

Answer 15

g/100g

Question 16

What is the formula for solubility

Answer 16

(mass of solute) / (mass of solvent) x 100

Question 17

Describe an experiment to investigate the solubility of water at a specific temperature

Answer 17

• At a chosen temperature a saturated solution is created
• A certain volume is weighed, then evaporated and the residue (crystals) is weighed
• difference between masses is water mass
• solubility = (solute mass / solvent mass) x 100