States of Matter Flashcards
How would you describe the formation of a solid?
Someone closely packed together the particles in a regular manner.
How would you describe the attraction between the particles in a solid?
Strong forces of attraction between the particles.
How would you describe the movement of the particles in a solid?
Particles vibrate about in a fixed position.
How would you describe the formation of a liquid?
Particles are still touching each other but some gaps appear between them.
How would you describe the attraction between the particles in a liquid?
Intermediate forces of attraction between particles.
How would you describe the movement of the particles in a liquid?
Particles move freely over each other.
How would you describe the formation of a gas?
The particles are far apart
How would you describe the attraction between the particles in a gas?
Ver weak forces of attraction between the particles.
How would you describe the movement of the particles in a gas?
The particles are in rapid random motion.
Explain: If you boil about 5cm3 of water, the steam will fill an average bucket.
Gases the containers that they are in because they vibrate around themselves. Their force of attraction is very weak.
Describe the energy between a solid and a liquid in the changing a state when the solid is heated.
The energy gained makes the particles vibrate faster and faster until eventually the forces of attraction are no longer strong enough to hold the particles together.
describe the energy between a solid and a liquid in the chain in a state when the liquid is cooled.
The particles lose energy and will move around more and more slowly until eventually the forces of attraction between the particles increase and hold them together as a solid.
What two points of a particular substance are exactly the same?
The melting and freezing point. (ice melt at 0° and water freezes at 0°)
describe the energy between a liquid and gas in a change of state when the gas is cooled.
The particles lose energy and move more slowly resulting in enough forces of attraction forming to hold the particles together as a liquid.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion os the spreading out of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
What is grass pressure?
Gas pressure is the force per unit area caused by the particles colliding with the walls of the container it is in, whatever the container is made from.
Describe the reaction between ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases- cotton wool containing concentrated ammonia solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid are placed at either ends of a long glass tube..
HCL is a heavier gas so it diffuses slower than the NH3 which is a lighter gas. We also see misty white fumes 1/3 down the tube.
What factors can affect the rate of diffusion?
Increase of temperature.
stirring
higher concentration to a lower concentration
lighter gas/particles
how do gas particles create pressure?
They create pressure by hitting the walls of the container.
What is the process called from solid to liquid?
Melting
What is the process called from solid to gas?
sublimation
What is the process called from liquid to gas?
boiling/evaporation
What is the process called from liquid to solid?
Freezing
What is the process called from gas to liquid?
condensation
What is the process called from gas to solid?
deposition
What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?
Boiling occurs AT the boiling point while evaporation occurs BELOW the boiling point.
Particles throughout the liquid change state in boiling but evaporate on the surface in evaporation.
boiling- bubbles evaporation- no bubbles
Why are there two horizontal sections in heating curves?
When a solid is heated, the temperature stops increasing when the melting point is reached. This is because a change in state in occurring and the energy is being taken in to break the forces of attraction between the particles.
Does diffusion occur in solids? and why?
Solid particles are in a fixed position and can only vibrate. In gases and liquids, the particles are free to move.
