States of Matter Flashcards
Matter can exist in what three states?
Solid (Ice)
Liquid (Water)
Gas (Vapor or Steam)
The state in which a substance exists depends mainly on what?
The temperature and pressure
Iron is a solid at room temp. What happens to its state when it reaches 1500 °C?
It becomes a liquid, because; the temp rises to make the particles move further from each other, making it into a liquid.
Oxygen is a gas at room temperature, what happens when it reaches -183 °C?
It becomes a liquid, because the temp drops and the kinetic energy lessens, causing the particles to move slower and closer together.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of particles of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process happens in all states of matter.
Name an apparatus that gives an example of diffusion in gases.
A glass tube with both sides plugged with one side having a piece of cotton soaked in Hydrochloric acid and on the other side there is cotton soaked in Ammonia. This then causes a white disc of ammonium chloride to be formed.
How fast is diffusion in each state of matter?
Solid -
Gas -
Liquid -
Slowest in solids
Fastest in gases
Moderate in liquids
What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature makes it increase
Relative molecular mass, heavier particles will diffuse at a slower rate.
Compressibility of states of matter.
Solids cannot be compressed
Liquids also cannot be compressed
Gases can be compressed
Matter can be converted from one state to another by doing what?
And explain
Changing the amount of energy
For example: If the kinetic is slowly removed from a gas, the particles would slowly move closer and closer together until it becomes a liquid, and when all the kinetic energy is almost gone it would be more uniformed like a solid.
What happens in the melting curve?
Heat is absorbed into the solid. The temperature has to remain constant to overcome the force of attractions.
Explain the freezing curve…
During freezing, heat energy is released by the particles so they can slow down and move closer to take up an orderly position of a solid.
For pure substances, the melting, freezing, and boiling point are the
same
Melting and freezing point of water are both
0 °C
Explain boiling curve…
During boiling, heat energy is absorbed by the particles to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles (cohesion) and to increase the kinetic energy until they have sufficient energy to escape from the liquid. The temperature remains constant during boiling because it is used to increase kinetic energy and not to raise the temp.
Main ideas of the Particulate theory…
Particles are in constant motion
All matter is made up of particles
There is space between the particles
Forces of attraction between particles.
The particles of matter are very, very small.
Particles move faster and get farther apart when heated.
Evidence of Particles
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
- Recrystallization
- Diffusion in gases
- Crystals having different shapes
- Crystals Dissolving
- Brownian Motion
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Liquid to gas
Evaporation
100 °C is the boiling point for which substance?
Water
What is room temperature?
25 °C
What does the Particulate Theory state?
All matter is made up of particles, they can’t be seen with the naked eye, they have spaces between them and they move in a random constant motion.
Define Turgid.
The state of being swollen due to high fluid intake.
Define Flaccid.
Umm…
State the evidences that support the Particulate theory along with an example.
- Crystals having different regular shapes Eg. Table salt has a cube shape and copper sulfate having diamond-shaped crystals. - Crystals dissolving Eg. When table salt dissolves in water. - Diffusion Eg. Potassium Permanganate in water - Diffusion in gases Eg. Ammonia gas and hydrochloric acid experiment - Osmosis Eg. Placing potato strips in water - Brownian Motion Eg. Flashlight, Sunbeams - Recrystallization Eg. Boiling a salt water solution
What is melting point?
The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from a solid to a liquid. At the melting point, the solid and liquid phases exist in equilibrium.
What is boiling point?
The constant temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor.
What is freezing point?
Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure.
Melting, Boiling and Freezing point all happen at a…
Constant temperature
Cooper is described as an element. What does this tell us about copper?
A substance that is made up of one atom (the copper atom) which means it cannot be broken down into any other substance.
What is a compound?
A substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements, that are chemically joined.
What are the differences between a pure substance and a mixture?
Pure substances are those that are made up of only one type of atoms or molecules and have a definite composition throughout and have a fixed structure. While a mixture is when two or more substances are combined, but are not chemically combined.
What is the difference between heterogenous and homogenous mixtures?
A heterogeneous mixture’s composition is not uniformed throughout the mixture, while a homogenous mixture is a mixture where the composition is uniformed throughout the mixture.
What type of substance is mayo?
Colloid
What type of substance is chalk dust in water?
Suspension
What type of substance is fog?
Colloid
What type of substance is white vinegar?
Solution
Define solubility.
The maximum amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
What effect does temperature have on the solubility of solids in liquids?
The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy is being added to the solid, this breaks apart the molecules by intermolecular attractions. So the more kinetic energy, the faster the solid turns into a liquid, and the liquid turns to a gas.
What type of substance is a sugar solution?
Solution
Starch in water is what type of substance?
Colloid
Sand in water is what type of substance?
Suspension
What are the two types of substances?
Pure and Impure
Pure substances consist of what?
Mixtures
Impure substances consist of what?
Elements and Compounds
Two types of mixtures
Homogeneous and Heterogenous
What is a mixture?
Physical combinations of two or more substances.
What type of mixture is air?
And why.
Homogenous mixture
It is a mixture of different gases.
Example of Gas and liquid solution
Soda or carbonated water
Example of solid and solid solution
Brass (zinc dissolves in copper to make brass)
Example of gas and gas solution
Air
What does “account” mean?
State why I chose the observations, state facts eg. sublime, evaporate etc…Why something is happening, you can say water.
When writing an “Observation”?
Instead of stating facts, like saying something evaporates, say you see vapor rising. Instead of water say colorless liquid.
