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Chemistry 101 P7 > States of Matter > Flashcards

States of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter can exist in what three states?

A

Solid (Ice)
Liquid (Water)
Gas (Vapor or Steam)

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2
Q

The state in which a substance exists depends mainly on what?

A

The temperature and pressure

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3
Q

Iron is a solid at room temp. What happens to its state when it reaches 1500 °C?

A

It becomes a liquid, because; the temp rises to make the particles move further from each other, making it into a liquid.

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4
Q

Oxygen is a gas at room temperature, what happens when it reaches -183 °C?

A

It becomes a liquid, because the temp drops and the kinetic energy lessens, causing the particles to move slower and closer together.

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5
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the spontaneous movement of particles of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process happens in all states of matter.

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6
Q

Name an apparatus that gives an example of diffusion in gases.

A

A glass tube with both sides plugged with one side having a piece of cotton soaked in Hydrochloric acid and on the other side there is cotton soaked in Ammonia. This then causes a white disc of ammonium chloride to be formed.

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7
Q

How fast is diffusion in each state of matter?
Solid -
Gas -
Liquid -

A

Slowest in solids
Fastest in gases
Moderate in liquids

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8
Q

What factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Temperature makes it increase

Relative molecular mass, heavier particles will diffuse at a slower rate.

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9
Q

Compressibility of states of matter.

A

Solids cannot be compressed
Liquids also cannot be compressed
Gases can be compressed

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10
Q

Matter can be converted from one state to another by doing what?
And explain

A

Changing the amount of energy
For example: If the kinetic is slowly removed from a gas, the particles would slowly move closer and closer together until it becomes a liquid, and when all the kinetic energy is almost gone it would be more uniformed like a solid.

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11
Q

What happens in the melting curve?

A

Heat is absorbed into the solid. The temperature has to remain constant to overcome the force of attractions.

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12
Q

Explain the freezing curve…

A

During freezing, heat energy is released by the particles so they can slow down and move closer to take up an orderly position of a solid.

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13
Q

For pure substances, the melting, freezing, and boiling point are the

A

same

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14
Q

Melting and freezing point of water are both

A

0 °C

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15
Q

Explain boiling curve…

A

During boiling, heat energy is absorbed by the particles to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles (cohesion) and to increase the kinetic energy until they have sufficient energy to escape from the liquid. The temperature remains constant during boiling because it is used to increase kinetic energy and not to raise the temp.

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16
Q

Main ideas of the Particulate theory…

A

Particles are in constant motion
All matter is made up of particles
There is space between the particles
Forces of attraction between particles.
The particles of matter are very, very small.
Particles move faster and get farther apart when heated.

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17
Q

Evidence of Particles

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Recrystallization
  4. Diffusion in gases
  5. Crystals having different shapes
  6. Crystals Dissolving
  7. Brownian Motion
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18
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensation

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19
Q

Solid to gas

A

Sublimation

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20
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Evaporation

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21
Q

100 °C is the boiling point for which substance?

A

Water

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22
Q

What is room temperature?

A

25 °C

23
Q

What does the Particulate Theory state?

A

All matter is made up of particles, they can’t be seen with the naked eye, they have spaces between them and they move in a random constant motion.

24
Q

Define Turgid.

A

The state of being swollen due to high fluid intake.

25
Q

Define Flaccid.

A

Umm…

26
Q

State the evidences that support the Particulate theory along with an example.

A 
- Crystals having different regular shapes
Eg. Table salt has a cube shape and copper sulfate having diamond-shaped crystals.
- Crystals dissolving
Eg. When table salt dissolves in water.
- Diffusion
Eg. Potassium Permanganate in water
- Diffusion in gases
Eg. Ammonia gas and hydrochloric acid experiment
- Osmosis
Eg. Placing potato strips in water
- Brownian Motion
Eg. Flashlight, Sunbeams
- Recrystallization
Eg. Boiling a salt water solution
27
Q

What is melting point?

A

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from a solid to a liquid. At the melting point, the solid and liquid phases exist in equilibrium.

28
Q

What is boiling point?

A

The constant temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to vapor.

29
Q

What is freezing point?

A

Freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid at normal atmospheric pressure.

30
Q

Melting, Boiling and Freezing point all happen at a…

A

Constant temperature

31
Q

Cooper is described as an element. What does this tell us about copper?

A

A substance that is made up of one atom (the copper atom) which means it cannot be broken down into any other substance.

32
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements, that are chemically joined.

33
Q

What are the differences between a pure substance and a mixture?

A

Pure substances are those that are made up of only one type of atoms or molecules and have a definite composition throughout and have a fixed structure. While a mixture is when two or more substances are combined, but are not chemically combined.

34
Q

What is the difference between heterogenous and homogenous mixtures?

A

A heterogeneous mixture’s composition is not uniformed throughout the mixture, while a homogenous mixture is a mixture where the composition is uniformed throughout the mixture.

35
Q

What type of substance is mayo?

A

Colloid

36
Q

What type of substance is chalk dust in water?

A

Suspension

37
Q

What type of substance is fog?

A

Colloid

38
Q

What type of substance is white vinegar?

A

Solution

39
Q

Define solubility.

A

The maximum amount of substance that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

40
Q

What effect does temperature have on the solubility of solids in liquids?

A

The higher the temperature, the more kinetic energy is being added to the solid, this breaks apart the molecules by intermolecular attractions. So the more kinetic energy, the faster the solid turns into a liquid, and the liquid turns to a gas.

41
Q

What type of substance is a sugar solution?

A

Solution

42
Q

Starch in water is what type of substance?

A

Colloid

43
Q

Sand in water is what type of substance?

A

Suspension

44
Q

What are the two types of substances?

A

Pure and Impure

45
Q

Pure substances consist of what?

A

Mixtures

46
Q

Impure substances consist of what?

A

Elements and Compounds

47
Q

Two types of mixtures

A

Homogeneous and Heterogenous

48
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Physical combinations of two or more substances.

49
Q

What type of mixture is air?

And why.

A

Homogenous mixture

It is a mixture of different gases.

50
Q

Example of Gas and liquid solution

A

Soda or carbonated water

51
Q

Example of solid and solid solution

A

Brass (zinc dissolves in copper to make brass)

52
Q

Example of gas and gas solution

A

Air

53
Q

What does “account” mean?

A

State why I chose the observations, state facts eg. sublime, evaporate etc…Why something is happening, you can say water.

54
Q

When writing an “Observation”?

A

Instead of stating facts, like saying something evaporates, say you see vapor rising. Instead of water say colorless liquid.

Chemistry 101 P7 (2 decks)

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