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physics > states of matter 03 > Flashcards

states of matter 03 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is density?

A

Density of a substance is defined as its mass per unit volume

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2
Q

how do you calculate density?

A

density, p (kg/m^3)= mass( kg )/volume( m^3)

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3
Q

Show 2 other ways to rearange the equation for density

A

m = pV or V = m/p

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4
Q

What object float in water?

A

Objects that have lower density than water ( i.e. <1000 kg/m^3) float in water.

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5
Q

State 3 things about solids:

A
  • Particles are very close togheter
  • Particles arranged in regular pattern
  • Particles vibrate but do not move from place to place
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6
Q

State 3 things about liquids:

A
  • Particles close togheter
  • Particles not arranged in regular pattern
  • Particles can flow around each other
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7
Q

State 3 things about gas:

A
  • Particles very far apart
  • Particles not arranged in any pattern
  • They are moving around very rapidly
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8
Q

how dense are solids and why?

A

Solid usually have a very high density, and this is due to the particles being so closely packed toghether.

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9
Q

density of liguids

A

liguids usually have high density

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10
Q

density of gas

A

gases have a low density

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11
Q

what are exeptions for density of solids

A

Polystyrene is a solid but it has a low density bue to it having a lot of free spaces for air.

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12
Q

What is a Regular object?

A

Regular objects have dimensions which are easy to measure e.g. with ruler

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13
Q

What is an Irregular object?

A

Irregular objects we cannot easily measure thier dimension e.g. base

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14
Q

state how to find a density of a regular object?

A
  1. Determine the mass using a balance
    2.To find volume we measure each side and calculate volume
    3.Then just put it into a calculations
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15
Q

sate how to find a density of an irregular object?

A
  1. Find mass of the object using balance
    2.Fill a Eurika can with water
    3.Place object into the water.This will cause water to be displaced and flow out of the can thought the spout.
    4.Measure the volume of water displaced.This volume is the same as the volume of the object.
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16
Q

What happends to the mass of substance when it changes its state?

A

Mass of substance is conserved even when it change its state.

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17
Q

Explain why mass of a substance is conserved when t changes its state?

A

When a substance changes stae the number of particles in the substance stays unchanged,So the mass of the substance after the change of state is the same as the mass of the substance before the change of state.

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18
Q

Gas to Solid is …, Solid to Gas is …..

A

1) cooling (deposition) 2)Sublimation(heat)

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19
Q

Solid to Liquid …, Liquids to Solids…,

A

1) Melting(heat), 2)Solidifying or freezing(cool)

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20
Q

Liquids to Gases…., Gases to Liqiuds…

A

1)Condensation(cool) 2)Vapourising(heat)

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21
Q

does temp changes when the substance is changing its state?

A

For any pure substance undergoing a change of state, its tempretures stays the same while the change of state is taking place

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22
Q

Boiling/Condensation - ________ point, Melting/Freezing - _______point

A

1)Boiling point 2)Melting point

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23
Q

What is latent heat

A

The energy transfered to a substance when it changes its state is called latent heat.

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24
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The Specific latent heat of a substance is the amount of energy needed to change the state of one kg of the substance with no change in tempreture.

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25
Q

how to measure SLH of ice

A

The SLH of ice can be measured using a low - voltage heater to melt the ice (or to biol the water)

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26
Q

what is an internal energy

A

The internal energy is the total amount of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy of all the particles in the system

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27
Q

sublimation is

A

when solid goes directly to gas

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28
Q

Evapuration is

A

when liquid turns into a gas but only on the surface of a liquid, in this case only particles on surface have enough energy to turn into a gas thi is called “dry ice”(solid CO^2)

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29
Q

what does increasing temp of the of a substance do to internal energy

A

it increases it

30
Q

what happens to the potential energy of the particles when it boils or melts

A

it increases

31
Q

what causes the pressure of a gas on surface

A

The particles of the gas repetedly hitting the surface

32
Q

what does heating a system does energy

A
  • Heating increases the energy that the particles have
  • This increases the internal energy
    = This either raises the tempreture of a system
    = Or produces a change of state
33
Q

energy is absorbed when

A

melting or evapurating

34
Q

energy is released when

A

freezing and condensing

35
Q

which state flows

A

liquid and solid

36
Q

which states is fixed shape

A

solid

37
Q

which states is fixed volume

A

solids and liqiuds

38
Q

state the density of the states

A

solid = high
liqiuds = med
gas = low

39
Q

state the energy of particles

A

solids = low
liqiuds = med
gas = high

40
Q

state the particle movemet

A

solids = vibrate
liqiuds = flow
gas = rapid

41
Q

states the forces between particles

A

solid = high
liqiuds = med
gases = low

42
Q

What is the SLH of vaporisation

A

The SLH of vaporisation of a subsatnce is the energy needed to change 1 kg from liquid to vapour at its boiling point (without change in temp)

43
Q

What happens to gas pressure in a sealed container if tempreture increase and why

A

the average kinetic energy increases as does velocity of the gas particles hitting the walls of the container

44
Q

What is the formula for Boyle’s Law

A

Pressure * Volume = constant

45
Q

What happens to the pressure in gas if its volume is decreased? Why?

A

It is increased due to more molecules impact per second on the surface

46
Q

Boyle’s law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

47
Q

rearange it to fing P1

A

P1 = P2V2 / V1

48
Q

particles motion as the temp increases

A

As a gas heats,it gains energy and the speed of the particles increase.Particlesmove randomly in all directions

49
Q

Why does balloons get bigger when you blow them

A

is because more air means more particles .More particles means more collisons with the walls of balloon.More collisons means a higher force on the walls of the balloon,which means a higher pressure.

50
Q

what is the graph of pressure against volume looks like

A

it is inversly proportional

51
Q

what is the graph of pressure against temp looks like

A

it is directly proportional

52
Q

1 g/cm^3

A

1000 kg/m^3

53
Q

Which of these methods are used to reduce the uncertainty in experimental measurements of density?

A

Take multiple measurements and calculate the mean
When measuring the density of liquids, use a larger volume of liquid

54
Q

How to calculate the density of a solid experimentally:

A
  1. Measure the mass of the solid using a balance.
  2. If the shape is regular, measure the volume of the solid using geometry.
  3. If the shape is irregular, measure the volume of the solid by adding it to a Eureka can filled with water. This will cause a volume of water exactly equal to the volume of the solid to flow into the measuring cylinder.
  4. Use the formula to calculate the density of the solid from the mass and volume measurements.
55
Q

How to calculate the density of a liquid experimentally:

A

1.Place an empty measuring cylinder onto a balance, then ‘zero’ the reading.
2.Add some of the liquid to the measuring cylinder.
3.Read the volume of the liquid from the measuring cylinder.
4.Read the mass of the liquid from the balance.
5.Use the density formula to calculate the density from the mass and volume measurements.

56
Q

What happens to the temperature of a substance whilst it changes state?

A

The temperature remains constant

57
Q

Which factors can increase the pressure of a gas?

A
  1. More collisions with the walls of the container
  2. Faster moving particles
58
Q

How volume affects pressure in a gas:

A

Decreasing the volume of the container, whilst keeping the number of gas particles the same, will increase the concentration.
In this smaller volume, collisions between particles of gas and the walls of the container will be more frequent.
A greater number of collisions per unit area of wall means the pressure increases.

59
Q

How temperature and concentration affect a flexible container:

A

1.Some containers, such as balloons, are flexible.
2.An increase in force on the walls of the container would just cause the container to expand.
3.Therefore, changing temperature or concentration will change the volume of the container, rather than the pressure of the gases inside.

60
Q

pressure of air in atmosphere at sea level

A

101 kPa

61
Q

how much kinetic x potential energy do solids have

A

kinetic = very low
potential = low

62
Q

how much kinetic x potential energy do liquids have

A

kinetic = less than gas but more than solids
potential = medium

63
Q

how much kinetic x potential energy do gases have

A

kinetic = high
potential = most

64
Q

kinetic energy is directly proportional to

A

tempreture

65
Q

law of displacement

A

says that an object completely submerged in a fluid (like water) will replace an amount of fluid equar to its own volume

66
Q

what kind of change is a change of state and why

A

Changes of state are physical changes which differ from chemical changes because the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed

67
Q

change in thermal energy

A

change in thermal energy = mass × s peci f ic heat ca pacity
× tem perature chang

68
Q

compression of the states

A

solids = can not
liquids not very easily compressed
gas = can be compressed and expanded

69
Q

what does doing work do to gas

A

Doing work on a gas increases the internal energy of the gas and
can cause an increase in the temperature of the gas.

70
Q

why does the temp of air inside a bike pump increase when it is pumped

A

work is done on a gas when it is compressed
doing work on a gas increase its internal energy so also increases the average kinetic energy of the molecules
tempreture increases with an increase average kinetic energy

71
Q

what three factors determine the temp change of a system

A
  1. Mass of substance being heated
  2. Type of material (SHC)
  3. Energy inputted into the system

physics (4 decks)

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