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PSYCH > states of consciousness > Flashcards

states of consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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2
Q

biological rhythms

A

internal rhythms of biological activity

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3
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours

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4
Q

biological clock (innate timing device)

A

comprised of specific molecules (proteins) that interact in cells throughout the body

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency to maintain a balance within a biological system

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6
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A
  • brain clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the ___
  • axons of light sensitive neurons in the retina provide info to the SCN based on the amount of light present which allows the internal clock to be synced with the outside world
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7
Q

melatonin

A

important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle

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8
Q

pineal gland

A
  • endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin
  • thought to be involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms and of the immune system during sleep
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9
Q

zeitgebers

A

(external cues) such as light, atmospheric conditions, temperature, and social interactions to set the appropriate biological clock

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10
Q

chronotype

A

individual differences in circadian patterns of activity

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11
Q

sleep regulation

A

brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness

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12
Q

frontal lobe

A

important for executive functions, motor control, language production, and emotion management

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13
Q

parietal lobe

A

important for organization of multi-sensory information, mapping and navigating the spatial world, and basic math abilities

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14
Q

occipital lobe

A

organization and processing visual info: shape, color, movement, and depth

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15
Q

temporal lobe

A

important for forming long-term memories, hearing, speech comprehension, and object recognition

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16
Q

blindsight

A

visual info from the eye is being processed unconsciously so people with blindsight don’t know that they are visually processing

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17
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

procedure used to stimulate neurons in the brain

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18
Q

rotating shift work

A

work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis

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19
Q

sleep debt

A

lack of sleep due to the cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep

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20
Q

what does blindsight reveal about unconsciousness?

A

vision can still take place in secondary visual pathways below the level of consciousness

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21
Q

consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli

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22
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection

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23
Q

pituitary gland

A

secretes the growth hormone while we sleep

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24
Q

hypothalamus and thalamus

A

control slow wave sleep

  • thalamus: plays a role in awareness and regulating arousal
  • hypothalamus: coordinates circadian rhythm
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25
Q

melatonin

A

hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function

26
Q

slow wave

A

appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks

27
Q

sleep rebound

A

sleep-deprived individuals will experience longer sleep latencies during subsequent opportunities for sleep

28
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

mainly alpha and some theta waves, transitional phase between wakefulness and sleep

29
Q

stage 2 sleep

A

NREM theta waves (sleep spindles and K complexes), deep relaxation

30
Q

stage 3 sleep

A

NREM delta waves, deep sleep and slow-wave sleep because low frequency

31
Q

manifest content

A

actual content (storyline) of a dream

32
Q

latent content

A

hidden meaning of a dream

33
Q

collective unconscious

A

theoretical repository of information shared by everyone

34
Q

carl jung

A

collective unconscious

35
Q

rosalind cartwright

A

dreams reflect life events important to the dreamer

36
Q

alan hobson

A

activation synthesis theory of dreaming: our brain attempting to make sense of neural activity

37
Q

threat simulation theory

A

dreaming is an ancient biological defense mechanism

38
Q

expectation fulfillment theory

A

dreaming serves to discharge emotional arousals that weren’t expressed during the day

39
Q

activation synthesis theory

A

dreams mean nothing and they are our brain’s interpretation of the random firing of neurons in our brainstem

40
Q

continual activation theory

A

dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis

41
Q

NREM sleep

A

processes the conscious related memory (declarative memory)

42
Q

REM sleep

A

processes the unconscious related memory (procedural memory)

43
Q

parasomnia

A

group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role (sleepwalking, restless leg syndrome, and night terror)

44
Q

somnambulism

A

sleep walking

45
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

A

muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur, high levels of physical activity during REM sleep

46
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

can help sufferers of insomnia, focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors

47
Q

sleep apnea

A
  • obstructive: airways become blocked during sleep

- central: disruption in brain signals = causes periods of interrupted breathing

48
Q

cataplexy

A

sudden temporary paralysis of muscles and is associated with narcolepsy

49
Q

narcolepsy

A

can use amphetamine-like medications for treatment

50
Q

dependence

A
  • physical: changes in body functions and indicated by withdrawal (have to keep taking to avoid symptoms) and can build up a tolerance
  • psychological: emotional need
51
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

occur through their interactions with our endogenous neurotransmitter systems

52
Q

depressants

A

decreased heart rate; alcohol; addictive; low dose=relaxation and high dose=sleep/memory loss; depressing effect (slow down) on central nervous system (CNS); treat anxiety and insomnia

53
Q

stimulants

A

increased heart rate; cocaine; addictive; low dose=alert/euphoria and high dose=paranoia/agitation; excite the central nervous system

54
Q

hallucinogens

A

increased heart rate; weed/LSD; addictive; perception changes

55
Q

low dose alc (BAC .03%-.12%)

A

loses inhibitions and relaxation

56
Q

moderate dose alc (BAC .09%-.30%)

A

affects emotional centers of midbrain and impaired motor reactions

57
Q

high dose alc (BAC .25%-.50%)

A

dizziness, nausea, and unconscious

58
Q

hypnosis

A

state of extreme self focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli

59
Q

meditation

A

clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus

60
Q

experiencing withdrawal _________

A

doesn’t mean you are abusing a drug

61
Q

opioids

A

heroin; particularly addictive effects on people because of effect on pain centers of brain

62
Q

antipsychotic

A

drugs that help alleviation of psychotic symptoms; helps schizophrenia

PSYCH (1 decks)

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