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PRACRE > Statement of the Problem, Hypothesis, and Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations > Flashcards

Statement of the Problem, Hypothesis, and Scope, Limitations, and Delimitations Flashcards

1
Q

The first chapter of the research paper is entitled

A

“The Problem” or “The Problem and its Background.”

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2
Q

Its purpose is to INTRODUCE the problem and clarify important variables, its delimitations, and its significance to the field of study.

A

Chapter 1: “The Problem and its Background”

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3
Q

Following essential elements of Chapter 1

A

Introduction
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the problem
Hypothesis
Scope and delimitation
Significance of the study
Definition of terms

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4
Q

After identifying your research problem, the next thing is to formulate your research questions.

A

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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5
Q

__________ begin with a research problem and can be defined as an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue.

A

Research questions

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6
Q

It is the initial step in a research study that can be classified into general and specific types.

A

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

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7
Q

The _______________ is derived from the MAIN PROBLEM of the study. It is important to keep in mind that it must contain words related to quantitative research, Such as effects or relationship. Words that elicit factual questions such as who, when, or where shall not be placed in this.

A

general research question

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8
Q

The ________ are anchored on the general research question. These questions are used in DEVELOPING TOOLS for collecting data, gathering related references, organizing your paper, and drawing valid conclusions from findings. _______ will depend on the type of quantitative research you are doing.

A

specific questions

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9
Q

the specific problems must meet the following criteria:

A

They must be in question form.
They must define the population and the samples of the study (respondents).
They must identify the variables being studied.

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10
Q

The main goal of ______________ is to OBSERVE AND REPORT on the measurable aspects of A PHENOMENON. Specific questions in this kind of study can begin with phrases such as how often, howfrequently,how many, howmuch,whatis/are,towhat extent,what proportion, and what percentage.

A

descriptive quantitative research

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11
Q

The main goal of _____________ is to determine the NATURE OF RELATIONSHIP between variables WITHOUT LOOKING INTO THE CAUSE. Research questions correlational studies usually begin with “Is there a relationship?” or “What is the relationship?”

A

correlational research

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12
Q

____________ research attempts to DISCOVER THE CAUSE/S of a phenomenon. The questions must not suggest that an experiment is to be conducted in the study. They must not imply that the manipulation of a variable during the study will cause certain conditions to occur.

A

Ex post facto

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13
Q

The main goal of ___________________________ is to establish CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP among the variables in the study. The first two questions for both type of research should be quantitative in nature. While the next question should have a qualitative element to provide meaning to the numbers or statistical data that will be analyzed.

A

experimental and quasi-experimental research

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14
Q

___________ refers to what the researcher EXPECTS TO FIND, it is the TENTATIVE ANSWER to the research question that guides the entire study.

A

Hypotheses

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15
Q

____________ BRIDGE THE GAP from the general question you intend to investigate to concise statements of what you hypothesize the connection between your variables to be.

A

Hypotheses

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16
Q

Hypothesis Formulation is employed when conducting __________, _________, ________, and _______________

A

correlational, ex post facto, quasi- experimental AND, experimental studies.

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17
Q

is a typical statistical theory which suggests that NO STATISTICAL RELATIONSHIP AND SIGNIFICANCE exists in a set of given single observed variable, between two sets of observed data and measured phenomena.

A

Null Hypothesis

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18
Q

In ____________, a null hypothesis states that this relationship is ABSENT.

A

correlational studies

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19
Q

In ________, ________, and ____________ studies states that the independent variable has NO EFFECT on the dependent variable.

A

experimental, quasi-experimental, ex post facto

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20
Q

is a statement used in statistical inference experiment. It is CONTRADICTORY to the null hypothesis which states that THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP between variables and denoted by Ha or H1.

A

Alternative Hypothesis

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21
Q

The following are the guidelines in formulating hypothesis:

A

You must IDENTIFY the independent and dependent variables in your study and state it in your hypothesis.
Your hypothesis must be FALSIFIABLE, which means that it can be proven wrong through experiments or empirical data.
Your hypothesis must show a RELATIONSHIP between your variables.

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22
Q

___________________ are said to be the TWO ELEMENTS of a research paper that inform the readers what information is INCLUDED in the research and explain why the author chose that information.

A

Scope and delimitation of study

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23
Q

The _____ identifies the BOUNDARIES of the study in terms of subjects, objectives, facilities, area, time frame, and the issues to which the research is FOCUSED.

A

scope

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24
Q

While the _______________ is DELIMITING a study by geographic location, age, sex, population traits, population size, or other similar considerations. Basically, this means that a researcher like you have to define what the study is GOING TO COVER and what it is FOCUSING ON.

A

DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

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25
Q

Components of the Scope and Delimitation

A

*TOPIC of the study
*OBJECTIVES of the study and the issues it will address
*TIME FRAME in which the study will be conducted
*The LOCALE OR AREA where the study will be conducted
*CHARACTERISTICS of the participants in the study
*RESPONSE formats used in the study

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26
Q

_______________ is the other part of the introduction in your research study. This section describes the CONTRIBUTION it will provide to different organizations and other sectors of the society.

A

Significance of the study

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27
Q

It also aims to identify the BENEFICIARIES who will gain from the results of the said study. A researcher should be specific in mentioning the beneficiaries in their paper.

A

Significance of the study

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28
Q

Significance of the study can be written _________ OR _______

A

topically or in an enumeration format

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29
Q

__________ is based on the WEIGHT OF the individual CONTRIBUTIONS which can be written into PARAGRAPHS.

A

topical arrangement

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30
Q

__________ is sequenced ACCORDING TO THE BENEFICIARIES of the study.

A

enumeration format

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31
Q

_______ is an important part of research paper in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly DEFINED and listed ALPHABETICALLY.

A

Definition of terms

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32
Q

Two Kinds of Definition

A

Conceptual Definition
Operational Definition

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33
Q

________________ refers to the UNIVERSAL MEANING that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people. The usual source of this kind of definition is the dictionary which is the reference book of everyday language. Also, CITATIONS ARE REQUIRED.

A

Conceptual Definition

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34
Q

__________ describes the variables you will use as INDICATORS for you or constructs and the procedures you will use to observe or measure the variables.

A

Operational Definition

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35
Q

_______ is not accepted as a valid definition because of its lack of credibility

A

Wikipedia

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36
Q

________ are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge, within the limits of the critical bounding assumptions.

A

theories

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37
Q

The _____________________ is defined as the structure that can HOLD OR SUPPORT A THEORY of a research study. It introduces and describes the theory which explains why the research problem under study exists. And it can also be used in different types of studies.

A

theoretical framework

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38
Q

A _______________ is an analytical tool that is used to get a COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING of a phenomenon. It can be used in different fields of work and is most commonly used to visually explain the key concepts or variables and the relationships between them that need to be studied.

A

conceptual framework

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39
Q

the backbone of your study

A

THEORETICAL & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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40
Q

Theoretical and conceptual frameworks can be presented using both the ______ and ______.

A

VISUAL AND narrative forms

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41
Q

it is characterized by the used of diagrams and charts.

A

visual form

42
Q

is characterized by the use of PARAGRAPHS that explain the visual representation of the frameworks.

A

narrative form

43
Q

HOW MANY THEORIES ARE THERE IN THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A

ONE THEORY IN ONE FRAMEWORK

44
Q

HOW MANY THEORIES ARE THERE IN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

A

MAY COMBINE DIFFERENT THEORIES

45
Q

The conceptual framework must always have a ___________.

A

research paradigm

46
Q

A researcher must review the ______________ related to his or her research topic.

A

existing literature

47
Q

A researcher must understand the ________ included in your study as well as their relationship with one another.

A

variables

48
Q

______________ refers to academic text which provides a COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW of a particular study.

A

Literature review

49
Q

The __________ surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to a particular area of research. It acknowledges the work of PREVIOUS RESEARCHERS by mentioning their works in the field of study.

A

literature review

50
Q

Its main purpose is to convey the readers about the knowledge and ideas that have been ESTABLISHED on a topic including their strengths and weaknesses.

A

literature review

51
Q

A literature review creates a “________” for the reader to give him or her full understanding of the developments in the field. This _____ informs the reader that the author has indeed assimilated all or majority of previous and significant works in the field into his or her research.

A

landscape

52
Q

Three Stages of Writing the Literature Review

A

Searching for works relevant to the study
Evaluation and Analysis of the Selected Works
Drafting the Literature Review

53
Q

________ is the stage wherein the researcher systematically SELECTS REFERENCE MATERIALS that is relevant to the study. A researcher like you must look for all the possible sources of references that you may use in your study especially those that were written by scholars.

A

Literature search

54
Q

Once you have selected all of your potential references, you may now perform this stage. A researcher like you must fully EVALUATE all the selected references for reliability and usefulness. This stage ensures that the materials you will be using are only those that are closely related to your research topic.

A

Evaluation and Analysis of the Selected Works

55
Q

This is the stage where you ACTUALLY WRITE your literature review. It must be a challenge to a researcher like you to arrange the works you gathered in proper order. But aside from that you also have to consider how these works will be linked to one another to provide a comprehensive overview about the topic you are dealing with.

A

Drafting the Literature Review

56
Q

if your intention is to make the readers FOCUS on how your study is SIMILAR to or DIFFERENT from the previous ones.

A

Thematic arrangement

57
Q

if you want to emphasize the DEVELOPMENT and PROGRESS in a specific field of study.

A

Chronological arrangement

58
Q

if there are SUFFICIENT STUDIES conducted locally about the topic of your research.

A

Typological arrangement

59
Q

Two Important Skills in Drafting the Literature Review

A

Synthesizing
Note-taking

60
Q

________ is a skill that INTEGRATES INFORMATION from two or more sources to DEMONSTRATE how the research works together.

A

Synthesizing

61
Q

Synthesizing can be done in ____ or ____ levels

A

Microlevel Macrolevel

62
Q

________ synthesis involves the CONSOLIDATION OF IDEAS to explain a concept.

A

Microlevel

63
Q

______synthesis involves DRAWING CONCLUSIONS based on the similarities and differences of the reviewed references and studies. It does not only involve the description of certain aspects in these materials such as the methods and conclusions generated. It also relates the various issues and topics in these materials to one another, and highlights how these can be used in your paper.

A

Macrolevel

64
Q

Two Forms of Note-taking

A

Summarizing
Paraphrasing

65
Q

________ is a skill of RECORDING INFORMATION captured from another source and integrating this study in your current study.

A

Note-taking

66
Q

_________ is OUTLINING the main points of a reading in your own words WITHOUT ADDING YOUR OWN IDEAS or changing the author’s meaning. It can be done in two ways: an outline or on outline form.

A

Summarizing

67
Q

_______ involves REWORDING information or ideas from the original source without changing the meaning of the text. It focuses on the details and not only on the main idea that’s why the length of a paraphrased text is almost the same with the original text.

A

Paraphrasing

68
Q

Essential Elements of a Literature Review

A

Synthesis PART
Argument PART

69
Q

The _________ of the literature review should contain the DEFINITION OF THE VARIABLE and its HISTROICAL DEVELOPMENT. It should likewise contain a synthesis of the findings from previous researches that will either support or contradict the hypothesis relative to the variable being discussed. This will revolve around RELATIONSHIPD AND EFFECTS with another variable or its difference when grouped according to a certain profile. In order to have a more concise and logical write-up, the researcher should consider the assertion-proofs formula (de Guzman, 2015). The assertion portion will contain a summary or the researcher’s perceived manifestation of the findings from previous researches and then provide the proofs of such assertion as stated by the authors of the said researches.

A

synthesis part

70
Q

After the synthesis of all the reviewed related literature has been written down, transition statements vis-à-vis the analysis of such synthesis should be indicated. This will surface the RATIONALE for the hypothesis concerning the variables or a statement leading to the argument of the study should be explicitly written. This will allow the researcher to indicate whether the said hypothesis has not been investigated yet or had produced conflicting results as indicated in the synthesis.

A

Argument part of the literature review

71
Q

Two Forms of Citing Sources

A

In-text-citation
Reference citation

72
Q

________ requires the researcher to INDICATE THE SOURCE of the information WITHIN THE BODY OF THE TEXT. The citation usually includes the last name of the author, and the year the source was published.

A

In-text-citation

73
Q

_______ refers to the complete BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION of the reference used.

A

Reference citation

74
Q

Three Documentation Styles

A

American Psychological Association (APA) Style
Modern Language Association (MLA) Style
Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS)

75
Q

______________ used in business, economics, education, hotel and restaurant management, psychology, and other fields under the SOCIAL SCIENCES

A

American Psychological Association (APA) Style

76
Q

_______ used in English, and some fields in the HUMANITIES AND ARTS.

A

Modern Language Association (MLA) Style

77
Q

_________ used in various disciplines, but most popularly used in HISTORY AND MUSIC

A

Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS)

78
Q

_____ is defined as NORMS for conduct that delineates the boundary between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. In writing the literature review, you must follow a set of ethical standards or guidelines. Following the guidelines ensure credibility, academic honesty, and integrity among researchers.

A

Ethics

79
Q

_____ is the act of using another person’s ideas and information WITHOUT ACKNOWLEDGING THE SOURCE.

A

Plagiarism

80
Q

______ is the GRAVEST level of plagiarism which involves COPYING THE WHOLE PAPER without acknowledging the source.

A

Level 1

81
Q

_____ involves copying up to 50% of a research work without citing the source.

A

Level 2

82
Q

_____ involves copying SPECIFIC PORTION of a research work such as sentences and paragraphs without citing the source.

A

Level 3

83
Q

____ involves not only the failure to cite another work used in a certain study but also the FAILURE TO CORRECTLY PARAPHRASE the portions of this used work.

A

Level 4

84
Q

_____ is the LOWEST level of plagiarism which involves INCORRECTLY CITING the source and COPYING HEAVILY from it.

A

Level 5

85
Q

Plagiarism should be ____ by a researcher like you to refrain yourself from sanctions.

A

avoided

86
Q

This section presents an OVERVIEW of the concept of the study. This includes the inputs of the concepts, the process on how to do the concept, and also the outcome or the output of the concept.

A

Conceptual Framework

87
Q

Identify the part of Chapter 1 being denoted in the given statement:
The findings of the study on the Assessment of the Efficacy of Virtual Flight
Simulators in the Learning Process of Aviation Students would be beneficial to the following:
Federal Aviation Administration. This study is primarily intended to provide information about aircraft safety to passengers and other passengers on board.
Pilots, Co-Pilots, and Flight Attendants. This research can help pilots develop muscle memory in a variety of situations and practice working with control malfunctions without fear of losing control of the airplane in flight and the chance to learn and experiment with aircraft controls and flight methods from the safety of the ground.

A

Signifance of the study

88
Q

What part of Chapter 1 introduces important facets that establish the general
context where the study revolves?

A

Background of the Study

89
Q

Identify which part of Chapter 1 can this given statement be seen:
What global issues on women are reflected in the novel?

A

Statement of the Problem

90
Q

What kind of variable which can have both the positive or negative values?

A

Continuous

91
Q

Identify the part of Chapter 1 being denoted in the given statement:
This study is delimited only to the aviation students that are using virtual flight
simulators as their training tool. This study will not reflect the approach and opinion of the professionals that are not related to the field of aviation. It is also delimited to test only the efficacy of virtual flight simulators in the learning process of aviation
students.

A

Delimitation/

92
Q

Experimental quantitative research is often performed in a _____ setting

A

controlled

93
Q

Alicent is conducting a research. She found a study similar to her own and copied the WHOLE PAPER without acknowledging the source. What level of plagiarism is this according to the IEEE?

A

LEVEL 1

94
Q

It is an ACADEMIC TEXT that provides an overview of a particular topic.

A

Literature Review

95
Q

Identify the part of Chapter 1 being denoted in the given statement:
This study will also focus on the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender orientation, highest educational attainment and length of service. More so, it will also focus on information and communication technology employed by the respondents.

A

Scope of the study

96
Q

Identify the part of Chapter 1 being denoted in the given statement:
According to Judy A. (2018), one of the fundamental necessities to acquire a pilot permit is to show flying abilities as to perform moves and methodology with a necessary degree of aptitude. Thinking about the association of flight simulator test programs in essential pilot training, one might ask how this affects the degree of genuine flights important to gain the necessary flying capability.

A

Introduction

97
Q

helps develop tools for assessing effectiveness of any practice and
operation.

A

Research

98
Q

Identify the part of Chapter 1 being denoted in the given statement:
Aircraft. This term refers to the device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air (Legal Information Institute, n.d.).
_____
In this study, an aircraft is a traditional training device used for pilot training and it is the basis of a virtual flight simulator.

A

Definition of Terms

99
Q

Otto copied 50% of the research work without citing the source. What level of
plagiarism is this?

A

LVL 2

100
Q

Identify the part of Chapter 1 being denoted in the given statement:
The terms in the study will be given specific meanings (conceptually and
operationally) for better understanding and interpretation of the readers.

A

Definition of terms

101
Q

Rhaenyra is planning to determine the RELATIONSHIP between the teacher’s personality and performance behavior. What is the appropriate research design for such a study?

A

Correlational

102
Q

provides solutions to problems concerning selected issues encountered in
the different areas of work.

A

RESEARCH

PRACRE (5 decks)

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