State vet final entrance Flashcards
- Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax ?
- Were in contact with animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax within 20 days before the confirmation.
- Consumed feedstuffs or water of the same origin as feedstuffs or water of animal died of, diseased in or suspicious to anthrax.
- Grazed on a pasture infected with anthrax without vaccination 2 weeks-6 months before.
- Definition of animals diseased with anthrax ?
Diseased animal:
*Typical clinical signs
*Characteristic lesions in the organs (pm, meat inspection)
*Laboratory findings
- Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax ?
- Separation into 3 groups:
- Diseased animals and those suspected of being diseased
- Animals suspected as being infected
*Other susceptible animals
- Diseased and suspected diseased animals:
* Immediate treatment
* Change of feedstuffs, drinking water, and no access to grazing
- Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax ?
-Animals suspected as being infected:
* Vaccination + 14 days observation period
* Cattle + horse: taking the temperature regularly
* Sheep + goat + pig: Daily observation
* In case of fever or CS: treatment
- Rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion ?
Samples:
*1g of tissue from an unruptured or recently ruptured vesicle.
*Epithelium samples should be placed in a transport medium which maintains a pH of 7.2-7.4.
*Samples should be kept at 4 oC.
*Oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid collected by means of a probang cup (a special device for collecting cells from the walls of the upper part of the oesophageus).
Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD ?
Trade in vaccinated animals is prohibited BUT;
*Vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within the Member State
* A traceability system makes sure that they are excluded from Community trade
* Emergency vaccination (in case of confirmation of FMD) requires classification of herds,
Specific measures in the vaccination zone movements of animals and their products:
~Animals clearly identified, registered
~control the movement of animal products
~ clinical and serological survey must be made on all animals
Two types of vaccination protocols;
1.Protective: regionalized vaccination zone where all animals are vaccinated and second surveillance zone: at least 10 km wide
2.Suppressive: part of an immediate stamping-out strategy, applied to ensure
minimal spread of the virus during disposal of the infected animals, carried
out only within protection zone and on clearly identified holdings
- Rules of recovery of foot-and mouth disease free status if no vaccination has been used:?
If no vaccination has been used:
If the control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones have been effective it may be lifted and at least three months needs to have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak.
- Definition of officially brucellosis free bovine herd ?
- No clinical signs (for min 12 month)
- No vaccination(for 3 years)
- All animals >12 months:
2 serological tests negative (6-12 months interval) - All introduced animals must be from officially free herds or tested (within previous 30 days)
- Definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test ?
Positive reaction:
If clinical signs are observed
or there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site.
- Definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test ?
Negative reaction:
* if only limited swelling is observed,
with an *increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin
* without clinical signs such as
diffuse or extensive oedema,
exudation,
necrosis,
pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts
in that region or of the lymph nodes.
Definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test ?
a positive bovine reaction which is:
* more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction,
or
* the presence of clinical signs.
- Definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test ?
- a negative bovine reaction,
or a *positive/inconclusive bovine tb reaction
= which is equal to/less than
a positive/inconclusive avian reaction in the same animal
and - the absence of clinical signs in both cases.
- Definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd ?
- No clinical signs(min 12 months)
- All animals >6 weeks: tested two official intradermal tuberculin tests negative
~1st: 6 months after removal of the infected animals
~2nd: 6-12 months later - Animals introduced from officially free herds or tested (within 30 days)
- Meat inspection/lesions: Compulsory investigation
- 1 or 2 Yearly TB testing of all animals over 12 months
- Definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd ?
- There is no evidence, clinical/laboratory
of EBL in the herd - no such case has been confirmed in the previous two years;
- all animals over 2 years of age have reacted negatively during the previous 12 months to two tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months;
- any animals introduced into the herd; ~come from officially EBL free herds OR ~originate from establishments where there has been no evidence of EBL within the 24 months prior to their movement
~Animals over 2 years of age reacted negatively to two tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months while kept in isolation
~have tested serologically negative within the 30 days prior to their introduction
~all animals less than 24 months of age have been born to dams that reacted negatively during the previous 12 months to two serological tests carried out at an interval of at least 4 months
or - All germinal products of bovine animals introduced into the establishment originate from establishments free from EBL or from an approved germinal product establishment
- Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd ?
- all animals over 6 months of age are tested 2x (interval 2-12 months)
- in dairy herd: milk samples: 3x (interval 2 months)
- IBR-free semen for insemination
- embryo-transfer: free parents
- introduced animals:
- first blood or milk test is negative
- originating from free herd
- test during the 30 days isolation: 2x (21 days)
