State Exam Practice #8 Flashcards
Circulatory shock can best be described as a condition in which there is
a) A state of hypotension
b) Loss of blood
c) Loss of consciousness due to blood loss
d) Inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic needs of the body tissues
d) Inadequate blood flow to meet the metabolic needs of the body tissues
Causes of hypovolemic shock include
a) Vomiting and loss of body fluids
b) Allergic reactions to drugs
c) Cardiac failure
d) Hypoglycaemia
a) Vomiting and loss of body fluids
A person admitted to the emergency room with trauma and an estimated blood loss of 1200 to 1400 mls has a blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg and a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. The best explanation for these observations would be that
a) The persons actual blood loss was less than the originally estimated loss
b) The person was normally hypertensive and hence did not have as great a drop in blood pressure as a normotensive person
c) The cause of the bleeding is now under control and the increased heart rate is due to anxiety
d) An increase in heart rate is compensating for the loss of blood volume
d) An increase in heart rate is compensating for the loss of blood volume
Emphysema differs from chronic bronchitis in that
a) Emphysema obstruction results from mucous production and inflammation
b) Emphysema obstruction results from changes in lung tissues
c) Chronic bronchitis obstruction results from changes in lung tissue
d) There are no visual difference between the two conditions
b) Emphysema obstruction results from changes in lung tissues
Teaching for the client taking GT or glycerol with nitrate for angina would include
a) Instructing the client to take the nitroglycerin regularly
b) Explain to the client that a subsequent headache indicates ineffective medication
c) Instructing the client to put the tablet on the tongue and swallow after the tablet dissolves
d) Teaching the client to take a tablet every 5 minutes (3x) when chest pain occurs
d) Teaching the client to take a tablet every 5 minutes (3x) when chest pain occurs
A female client is diagnosed with unstable angina. The nurse finds her crying because she fears she will become a burden to her husband. Which of the following nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate
a) Impaired verbal communication
b) Ineffective family coping
c) Relationship difficulties
d) Fear due to knowledge deficit
b) Ineffective family coping
Which of the following steps should a client with periodic angina pain take first when pain occurs at home
a) Take sublingual nitroglycerin and lie down
b) Do mild breathing exercises
c) Take an extra long lasting nitrate tablet
d) Sit down and relax
a) Take sublingual nitroglycerin and lie down
Hyperglycemia
a) Is alright only once in a while
b) Due to an over medication of insulin
c) If left uncontrolled, this can lead to DKA in type 1 or HNK in type 2
d) Also called insulin shock reaction
c) If left uncontrolled, this can lead to DKA in type 1 or HNK in type 2
Macrovascular complications of diabetes
a) Occur shortly after the onset of the disease
b) Affects coronary, peripheral and cerebral circulation
c) Affects the eyes and the kidneys
d) Affects sensorimotor and autonomic nerves
b) Affects coronary, peripheral and cerebral circulation
For relief of angina, the client may
a) Call 111
b) Take a dose of glyceryl trinitrate up to 3 times, 5 minutes apart until the pain subsides
c) Slowly exercise to the individuals tolerance level
d) Take only one dose of glyceryl trinitrate, if this has no effect, call 111
b) Take a dose of glyceryl trinitrate up to 3 times, 5 minutes apart until the pain subsides
Angina
a) May be referred to as angina majoralis
b) Not relieved by rest
c) Include chest pain which may radiate down the arms, neck, jaw and back
d) Needs immediate medical attention
c) Include chest pain which may radiate down the arms, neck, jaw and back
Hyperkalemia is
a) Increased serum potassium levels
b) Increased serum calcium levels
c) Increased red blood cell count
d) Increased serum chloride levels
a) Increased serum potassium levels
Manifestations of right sided heart failure are
a) Fatigue, cyanosis, blood tinged sputum
b) Anorexia, complaints of gastrointestinal distress, fatigue and pitted edema
c) Dyspnea, orthopnea and cyanosis
d) Fatigue dependant edema and cough
b) Anorexia, complaints of gastrointestinal distress, fatigue and pitted edema
A normal blood sugar level (BSL) is
a) 7.35 – 7.45
b) 120 – 160 mm dL
c) 4 - 7 mmol/l
d) +/- 2 mmEq
c) 4 - 7 mmol/l
Type I diabetics are characterised by
a) Non insulin dependence
b) Majority of the diabetic population
c) Require hypoglycaemic agents to maintain glucose levels
d) Need insulin to maintain normal BSL
d) Need insulin to maintain normal BSL
