State crime Flashcards
What is Green and Ward definition of state crime
‘illegal of deviant activities perpetrated by, or with the complicity of state agencies’
Names at least 3 examples of state crime
. Torture + illegal treatment or punishment of citizens
. Corruption
. Assassination
. War crime
. Genocide
. State
What is McLaughlin 4 categories of state crime
. Political crime - eg corruption
. Crime by security + police forces - such as Genocide
. Economic crime - eg official violations of health and safety laws
. Social + cultural crime - eg institutional racism
Genocide in Rwanda
Political genocide in which majority Hutus murdered 800,000 of the minority Tutsis; US did not intervene due to recent attacks on US troops in Somalia
How did Kramer + Michalowski distinguish between ‘state-initiated’ + ‘state-facilitated’ cooperate crime
. challenger space shuttle disaster - occurs when state initiate, direct or approve cooperate crimes
. Deepwater Horizon oil rig disaster - occurs when states fail to regulate + control corporate behaviour, make crime easier
Distinguish between two kinds of war related crime
. Illegal wars
. Crimes committed during or its aftermaths
What are the five ways of 5 definitions of state crime
. Domestic law
. Social harms + zemiology
. labelling + societal reaction
. International law
. Human rights
Explain Chambliss’s Domestic law definition of state crime
Acts defined by law as criminal + committed by state officials in pursuit of the jobs as representative of the state
Explain Hillyard et al’s social harm + zemiology definition of state crime
we should replace the study of crimes with zemiology - the study of harms, whether or not they are against the law
Explain Rothe + Mullins’ international law definition of state law
define state crime as any action by or on behalf of a state that violate international law and/or a state’s own domestic law
Explain Herman + Schwendinger’s Human rights definition of state crime
we should define state crime as a violation of people’s basic human rights by the state or its agents
What is authoritarian personality according to Adorno et al
a willingness to obey the orders of superiors without questions eg WW2
Explain the 3 general features that produce crime of obedience according to Kelman + Hamilton
. Authorisation - acts are ordered or approved by authority
. Routinisation - turn the act into a routine which can perform in a detached manner
. Dehumanisation - enemy is portrayed as sub-human + principle of morality do not apply
What key features of modern society that made the Holocaust possible according to Barman
. Division of labour - small tasks = no one felt personally responsible
. Bureaucratisation - normalise killing
. Instrumental rationality - methods used to achieve goal regardless of the goal
. Science + technology
What are the three stages of ‘spiral of state denial’
- ‘it didn’t happen’
- ‘if it did happen, “it” is something else’
- ‘Even if it is what you say it is, it’s justified’
What are the 6 techniques of neutralisation according to Cohen
. Techniques of neutralisation
. Denial of victim
. Denial of responsibility
. Condemning the condemners
. Appeal to higher loyalty
