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Cosmetology > State board study guide > Flashcards

State board study guide Flashcards

0
Q

Regulatory agencies and governmental health departments require businesses that serve the public to?

A

Follow prescribed sanitary precautions.

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1
Q

Material safety Data sheets are obtained from?

A

The product manufacturer

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2
Q

Bacteria are very small and can only be seen with the aid of?

A

A microscope

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3
Q

One celled microorganisms with both plant and nimal characteristics are?

A

Bacteria

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4
Q

In the human body, nonpathogenic bacteria help metabolize food, protect against infectious microorganisms and?

A

Stimulate the immune response

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5
Q

Bacteria can exist?

A

Almost anywhere.

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6
Q

A small minority of bacteria that cause disease when invading plant or animal tissue are?

A

Pathogenic

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7
Q

A type of pathogenic bacteria that require living matter for growth are?

A

Parasites

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8
Q

Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines that resemble a string of beads are?

A

Streptococci

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9
Q

Cocci are pathogenic bacteria that are?

A

Round shaped

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10
Q

Bacteria that may cause strep throat or blood poisoning are?

A

Streptococci

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11
Q

Bacteria that grow in pair and ca cause pneumonia are?

A

diplococci

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12
Q

Lyme disease, syphilis, or sexually transmitted diseases are caused by spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria called?

A

Spirilla

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13
Q

In humans, pathogenic bacteria are known to produce?

A

Diseases

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14
Q

Bacteria that are transmitted through the air and rarely show active motility are?

A

Cocci

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15
Q

Bacilli and spirilla bacteria are both motile and use slender, hair line extensions known as?

A

Flagella

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16
Q

Harmless bacteria are what type of bacteria?

A

Nonpathogenic bacteria

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17
Q

in 2000, a bacteria called mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis caused a client outbreak due to failure of the practitioner to follow proper disinfection guidelines for?

A

Whirlpool foot spas

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18
Q

Bacteria generally consist of an outer wall containing a liquid called?

A

Protoplasm

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19
Q

The life cycle of bacteria has two distinct phases, the active stage and the?

A

In active stage or spore forming stage.

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20
Q

The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce, and divide into tow new cells is?

A

Mitosis

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21
Q

Bacteria that pose little or no risk to a client in the salon setting but are dangerous in the medical setting are?

A

Anthrax and tetanus bacilli

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22
Q

The presence of pus is a sign of a?

A

Bacterial infection

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23
Q

When body tissues are invaded by pathogenic bacteria, it is a sign of an?

A

Infection

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24
Q

Common human bacteria transferred through skin to skin contact or by using unclean implements are?

A

Staphylococci

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25
Q

When diseases spread from one person to another it is communicable or?

A

Contagious

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26
Q

An infection, indicated by a lesion containing put, confined to a particular part of the body is a?

A

Local infection

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27
Q

When a disease spread from one person to another by contact, it is?

A

Contagious

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28
Q

A submicroscopic structure capable of infection plants and animals including bacteria is a?

A

Virus

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29
Q

A virus can live and reproduce only by?

A

Penetrating other cells and becoming apart of them.

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30
Q

Hepatitis A, a blood borne virus, is marked by an inflammation of the?

A

Liver

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31
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes?

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency syndrome

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32
Q

An organism that lives on another living organism and draws its nourishment from that organism is a?

A

Parasite

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33
Q

If nail implements have no been disinfected properly the client may contract?

A

Nail fungus

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34
Q

Disease causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through tht body in the blood or body fluids are?

A

blood borne pathogens

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35
Q

Transmission of blood borne pathogens can become possible through shaving, nipping, facial treatments, waxing, tweezing or?

A

Anytime the skins barrier is broken

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36
Q

A skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is?

A

Pediculosis

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37
Q

The ability of the body to destroy pathogenic bacteria or viruses that have entered the body is?

A

Immunity

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38
Q

The Type of immunity the body develops after overcoming a disease or through vaccinations is?

A

Acquired immunity

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39
Q

The surfaces of tools or objects not completely free from dirt, oils, and microbes are covered with?

A

Contaminants

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40
Q

The process of removing pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces is?

A

Decontamination

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41
Q

The treee main types of decontamination are?

A

Sanitation, disinfection and sterilization

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42
Q

Decontamination is a process that involves the use of?

A

Physical or chemical means to remove or destroy pathogens

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43
Q

Estheticians who use needles and probes that lance the skin must use a level of decontamination called?

A

Sterilization

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44
Q

In the salon setting, disinfection is extremely effective in controlling?

A

Microorganisms on non living surfaces

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45
Q

A higher level of decontamination that sanitation is?

A

Disinfection

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46
Q

An exception to the level of protection that disinfection provides and this possibility of an infection could be present if?

A

The clients skin is broken

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47
Q

A chemical agent that is used to destroy bacteria and viruses on surfaces is?

A

Disinfectant

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48
Q

Disinfectants must have a registration number and be approved by the?

A

Environmental protection agency (EPA)

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49
Q

A manufacturer must supply pertinent safety and storage information by providing?

A

Material safety data

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50
Q

The agency that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace is?

A

OSHA

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51
Q

A disinfectant that meets regulatory agency requirements for destroying bacteria, fungal, and viruses is?

A

Bacterial, Fungicidal, and Virucidal

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52
Q

A disinfectant used in salons should be appropriate and have the correct?

A

efficacy

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53
Q

A salon implement that accidentally comes in contact with blood or body fluids should be cleaned and?

A

Completely immersed in an EPA registered disinfectant

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54
Q

Any item that Cannot be disinfected after use on a client must be?

A

Discarded

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55
Q

Common, very safe, and useful types of disinfectant that contain sophisticated blends that work to disinfect implements in 10-15 min are?

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

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56
Q

Disinfectant with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burn the skin or eyes are?

A

Phenolic disinfectants

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57
Q

To be effective in the disinfection of implements, ethyl alcohol must be no less than?

A

70 %

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58
Q

A common household product used effectively as a disinfectant is?

A

Sodium hypochlorite

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59
Q

When mixing a disinfectant solution, add disinfectant to water and?

A

Mix according to the manufactures exact directions

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60
Q

To avoid contaminating implements, remove from a disinfectant solution using?

A

Tongs, basket or gloves

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61
Q

Store a clean, disinfected implement in?

A

A clean, dry container

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62
Q

How often must individual towels and linens be set aside to laundered?

A

After use on a client

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63
Q

The contact points of equipment that cannot be immersed in liquid solutions should be cleaned and disinfected using a?

A

Regulatory oversight agency approved disinfectant

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64
Q

At the end of the day, the disinfection procedure for a foot spa should include removing and cleaning the screen, washing the screen and inlet with soap and water, and totally immersing the screen in a approved disinfectant according to manufactures directions and?

A

Flushing the system with low sudsing soap and warm water for 10 min, rinsing, draining and letting air dry.

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65
Q

Every week foot spas should be cleaned following the daily procedure and filled with?

A

A disinfectant solution and left at least 6 to 10 hours, then drained and flushed.

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66
Q

any disposable material used in cleaning blood spills should be?

A

Placed in double bags before disposing or placed in a container for contaminated waste.

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67
Q

The fist step in the decontamination process is called?

A

Sanitation

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68
Q

When using liquid soap, scrub your hands and lather for at least?

A

20 seconds

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69
Q

Which of these is a danger of using antibacterial soaps?

A

They may promote the grown of resistant strains.

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70
Q

Antiseptics are effective for?

A

Sanitizing the hands

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71
Q

The agency that sets the standard for dealing with bloodborne pathogens is?

A

OSHA

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72
Q

Universal precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for?

A

Blood borne pathogens

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73
Q

A client that is infected with Hepatitis B or other blood borne pathogens and shows no symptoms or signs of infection is?

A

asymptomatic

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74
Q

Cosmetology is primarily restricted to the muscles, nerves, circulatory system and?

A

Bones of the head, face, neck, arms, hands, lower legs, and feet.

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75
Q

The basic unit of all living things is the?

A

Cell

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76
Q

The substance called protoplasm is found in?

A

The cells of all living things

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77
Q

The study of the structures of the human body is?

A

Anatomy

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78
Q

A dense active protoplasm found in the center of the cell is?

A

Nucleus

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79
Q

Most cells reproduce by dividing into to identical cells called?

A

reproductive cells

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80
Q

The watery fluid that cells need for growth, reproduction and self repair is found in the?

A

Cytoplasm

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81
Q

The chemical process where by cells are nourished and carry out their activities is?

A

Metabolism

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82
Q

The chemical process of cell nourishment has 2 phases, which are?

A

Anabolism and catabolism

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83
Q

A collection of similar cells that preform a specific function are?

A

Tissue

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84
Q

A type of tissue that supports protect and binds together other tissues of the body is?

A

Connective tissue

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85
Q

Tissues that are protective covering on the skin or the lining of the hear and glands are examples of?

A

Epithelial tissue

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86
Q

Nerve tissue is composed of special cells known as?

A

Neurons

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87
Q

The physical foundation of the body is the?

A

Skeletal system

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88
Q

The connection between to or more bones is a?

A

Joint

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89
Q

The scientific name for the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones is?

A

Osteology

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90
Q

The ankle joint is formed by the tibia, fibula, and the?

A

Talus

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91
Q

The oval, bony case that protects the brain is the?

A

Cranium

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92
Q

The hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bone, which forms the back of the skull above the nape is the?

A

Occipital bone

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93
Q

The bones of the face are involved in?

A

Facial message

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94
Q

The system of the body that covers shapes and supports the skeleton tissue is the?

A

Muscular system

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95
Q

The medical term used to describe the study, function and diseases of the muscles is?

A

Myology

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96
Q

The two bones that from the upper jaw are?

A

Maxillae bones

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97
Q

The two bones that form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium are the?

A

Parietal bones

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98
Q

The uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending form the elbow to the shoulder, is the?

A

Humerus

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99
Q

The foot is made of up ____ bones?

A

26

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100
Q

The ____ is a heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee?

A

Femur

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101
Q

Muscles are fibrous tissue classified as three types, which are?

A

Striated, non-striated and cardiac

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102
Q

Skeletal muscles attached to bone that are voluntary or controlled at will are?

A

Striated Muscle

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103
Q

The part of the muscle that does not move is the?

A

Origin

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104
Q

Pressure applied to a muscle during a massage is usually directed from the?

A

Insertion to the origin

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105
Q

The broad muscle that covers the top of the head is the?

A

Epicranius

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106
Q

The front portion of the Epicranius that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead is the?

A

Frontalis

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107
Q

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is the muscle of the neck that is responsible for?

A

Lowering and rotating the head

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108
Q

The ring muscle of the eye socket that enables the eyes to close is the?

A

Orbicularis Oculi

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109
Q

A muscle covering the back of the neck and the upper and middle region of the back that rotates and controls the swinging of the arms is the?

A

Trapezius

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110
Q

Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to from a straight line are the?

A

Extensors

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111
Q

The muscles at the base of the fingers that draw finger together are the?

A

Adductors

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112
Q

The gastrocnemius muscle is located in the?

A

Lower leg

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113
Q

The scientific study of the structure, function and pathology of the nervous system is?

A

Neurology

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114
Q

Every square inch of the body is supplied with fine fibers known as?

A

Nerves

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115
Q

The nervous system that controls the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nerves is the?

A

Central nervous system

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116
Q

The system of nerves that carries impulses or messages to and from the central nervous system is the?

A

Peripheral nervous system

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117
Q

The portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down the lower extremity of the trunk, and is protected is the?

A

Spinal Cord

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118
Q

The largest and most complex Nerve tissue in the body is the?

A

Brain

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119
Q

Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue are?

A

Nerves

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120
Q

Sensory nerve endings that are located close to the surface of the skin are?

A

Receptors

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121
Q

Nerves that carry impulses from the brain to the muscles and produce movement are?

A

Motor Nerves

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122
Q

The largest of the cranial nerves, also known as the trifacial nerve or the Trigeminal never is the?

A

5th cranial nerve

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123
Q

The chief motor nerve of the face that emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck is the?

A

7th Cranial nerve

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124
Q

The nerve and branches that supply the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand is the?

A

Radial nerve

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125
Q

the anterior tibial nerve extends to the front of the leg, behind the muscles, and is also referred to as?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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126
Q

The system that controls the steady circulation of blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels is the?

A

Circulatory system

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127
Q

The system that involves the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins is the?

A

Blood vascular system

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128
Q

A clear yellowish fluid that circulates in the lymphatics of the body and carries waste and impurities away from the cells is the?

A

Lymph

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129
Q

The upper, thin-walled chambers of the heart are the?

A

Left and right atria

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130
Q

The blood circulatory system that sends blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified is the?

A

Pulmonary system

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131
Q

Tubelike structures that include arteries, capillaries, and veins are?

A

Blood vessels

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132
Q

A thin-walled blood vessel that is less elastic than an artery is a?

A

Vein

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133
Q

The largest artery in the human body is the?

A

Aorta

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134
Q

White blood cells preform the important functions of destroying?

A

Disease-causing microorganisms

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135
Q

The artery that supplies blood to the anterior (front) part of the?

A

External carotid artery

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136
Q

The main blood supply of the arms and hands are the?

A

Ulnar and radial arteries

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137
Q

Which of the following is NOT an artery that supplies blood to the lower leg or foot?

A

External carotid artery

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138
Q

Endocrine glands release a secretion called?

A

Hormones

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139
Q

The integumentary system is made up of the skin and accessory organs such as?

A

Oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails.

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140
Q

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin, its functions, diseases and treatment is?

A

Dermatology

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141
Q

The larges living organ of the body is the?

A

Skin

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142
Q

Healthy skin is slightly moist, soft, and flexible with a texture that is?

A

Smooth and fine grained

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143
Q

Continued pressure on any part of the skin can cause it to thicken and develop?

A

Callus

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144
Q

Appendages of teh skin include hair, nails and?

A

Sweat and oil glands

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145
Q

The skin structure is generally thinest on the?

A

Eyelids

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146
Q

The skin on the scalp has large and deeper?

A

Hair follicles

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147
Q

The outer most layer of the skin is the also called the?

A

Epidermis layer

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148
Q

The epidermis layer of the skin does not contain?

A

Blood vessels

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149
Q

The stratum germinative is the Deepest layer of the epidermis and is responsible for?

A

Growth of the epidermis

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150
Q

the dark special cells that protect sensitive cells and provide color to the skin are?

A

melanocytes

151
Q

The granular layer of the skin is also called the?

A

Stratum granulosum layer

152
Q

The outmost layer of the epidermis is the?

A

Stratum corneum

153
Q

A fiber protein that is the principal component of hair and nails is?

A

Keratin

154
Q

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the?

A

Stratum germinativum

155
Q

The clear transparent layer under the skin surface is the?

A

stratum lucidum

156
Q

Cells that are almost dead and pushed to the surface to replace cells are shed from the?

A

Stratum granulosum layer

157
Q

The underlying or inner layer of the skin is the?

A

Dermis layer

158
Q

The outermost layer directly beneath the epidermis, is the?

A

Papillary layer

159
Q

The deepest layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients and contains sweat and oil glands is the?

A

Reticular layer

160
Q

Tissue that gives smoothness and contour to the body and provides a protective cushion is?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

161
Q

the clear fluid that removes toxins and cellular waste and has immune functions is the?

A

Lymph

162
Q

Motor nerve fibers attached to the hair follicle that can cause goose bumps are the?

A

Arrector pilli muscle

163
Q

Nerves that regulate the secretion of perspiration and sebum are?

A

Secretory nerve fibers

164
Q

Basic sensations such as touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure are registered by?

A

Nerve endings

165
Q

The amount and type of pigment produced by and individual is determined by?

A

Genes

166
Q

Two type of melanin produced by the body are?

A

Pheomelanin and eumelanin

167
Q

Skin gets is strength, from, and flexibility from flexible fibers found within the?

A

Dermis layer

168
Q

The fibrous protein that gives skin is from and strength is the?

A

Elastin

169
Q

The sudoriferous glands help the body regulate?

A

temperature

170
Q

A tube like duct that ends at the skins surface to from the sweat pore is the?

A

Secretory coil

171
Q

The sebaceous or oil glands are connected to the?

A

Hair follicle

172
Q

The principal functions of the skin are protection, sensation, heat regulation, excretion and?

A

Secretion and absorption

173
Q

The best way to support the heath of the skin is by eating foods from?

A

Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

174
Q

The hard protective plate found a the ends of the fingers and toes are?

A

Natural nails

175
Q

The area under a healthy nail pate should appear?

A

Pinkish

176
Q

A main protein that is found in natural nail is?

A

Keratin

177
Q

Nails are an appendage of the skin and are part of what body system?

A

Integumentary system

178
Q

A healthy nail is smooth, shiny and?

A

Translucent

179
Q

The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits is the?

A

Nail bed

180
Q

The nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a think layer of tissue called the?

A

Bed epithelium

181
Q

Nail cells are formed in what part of the nail structure?

A

Matrix

182
Q

THe nail plate is guided and helped along during its growth by a thin layer of tissue called?

A

Bed epithelium

183
Q

The matrix continues to create new cells provided that?

A

It receives nutrition and is kept healthy

184
Q

The Visible part of the matrix that extend from underneath the living skin is the?

A

Lunula

185
Q

The most visible and functional part of the nail module is the?

A

Nail plate

186
Q

The nail plate is constructed of how many layers of nail cells?

A

100

187
Q

The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the?

A

free edge

188
Q

The dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate is?

A

Cuticle

189
Q

The living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area is the?

A

Eponychium

190
Q

The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies underneath the free edge of the nail plate is the?

A

Hyponychium

191
Q

Tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones are?

A

ligaments

192
Q

The slits or furrows on the side of the nail plate are?

A

Nail grooves

193
Q

The length, width and curvature of nails are determined by the?

A

Matrix shape

194
Q

In the normal adult, the average rate of nail growth is about?

A

1/10 inch per month

195
Q

A healthy Natural nail will continue to grow provided there is no damage to the?

A

Matrix

196
Q

Replacement of the natural fingernail usually takes about?

A

4-6 months

197
Q

What fingernail grows the fastest?

A

The Middle finder

198
Q

The nail has a water content between?

A

15-25%

199
Q

The scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called?

A

Trichology

200
Q

The two parts of a mature hair strand are the hair shaft and ?

A

Hair root

201
Q

The portion of hair that projects above the skin is the?

A

Hair shaft

202
Q

The follicle, bulb, papilla, arrector pili muscle, and sebaceous glands are main structures of the?

A

Hair root

203
Q

The tube like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the?

A

Follicle

204
Q

Hair follicles are not found on the palms of the hands or the?

A

soles of the feet

205
Q

The follicle extends dowered from the epidermis, where is surrounds the?

A

Dermal papilla

206
Q

The lowest area or part of the hair strand is the?

A

Hair bulb

207
Q

A small, cone shaped area at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb is the?

A

Dermal papilla

208
Q

A tiny, involuntary muscle fiber inserted in the base of the hair follicle is the?

A

Arrector pilli

209
Q

The oil glands of the skin connected to the hair follicles are?

A

Sebaceous glands

210
Q

An oily substance secreted from the sebaceous gland is?

A

Sebum

211
Q

The overlapping layer of hair with transparent, scalelike cells is the?

A

Cuticle

212
Q

The three main layers of the hair shaft are the cuticle, medulla, and?

A

Cortex

213
Q

Swelling the hair raises the cuticle layer and allows for?

A

Penetration

214
Q

Fore chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must?

A

Have and alkaline pH

215
Q

The fibrous protein core of the hair, formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment, is the?

A

Cortex layer

216
Q

The medulla is the innermost layer of the hair and is?

A

Round cells

217
Q

Hair is composed of a protein that grows from cells originating within the?

A

Hair follicle

218
Q

The process whereby living cells mature and begin their journey up the hair shaft is?

A

Keratinization

219
Q

The five main elements that make up chemical composition of human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and?

A

Nitrogen and sulfur

220
Q

The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are?

A

peptide bonds

221
Q

An end bond is also known as a?

A

Peptide bond

222
Q

The three types of cross links that from the bonds between the polypeptide chains are hydrogen bonds, salt bonds and?

A

Disulfide bonds

223
Q

A weak type of physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat is a?

A

Hydrogen bond

224
Q

A salt bond is easily broken with the use of?

A

Strong alkaline or acidic solutions

225
Q

Bonds that must be chemically separated are?

A

Disulfide bonds

226
Q

Hydrogen chemical hair relaxers break disulfide bonds and during rinsing convert them to?

A

Lanthionine bonds

227
Q

The natural hair pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair?

A

Melanin

228
Q

Two different type of melanin are eumelanin and?

A

Pheomelanin

229
Q

Natural wave patterns are the result of?

A

Genetics

230
Q

Asians tend to have?

A

Extremely straight hair

231
Q

Extremely curly hair grows?

A

In long twisted spirals

232
Q

To help minimize tangles in Extremely curly hair when washing you should use?

A

a detangling rinse

233
Q

Extremely curly hair may often break or knot easily due to?

A

Low elasticity

234
Q

Four important factors to consider in hair analysis are texture and porosity?

A

Elasticity and density

235
Q

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is the?

A

Hair Texture

236
Q

Hair texture is classified as?

A

Coarse, medium, or fine

237
Q

The measurement of individual hair stands on the square inch of the scalp is?

A

Hair density

238
Q

The ability of the hair to absorb water or oil is?

A

Porosity

239
Q

Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require?

A

More alkaline solutions

240
Q

Hair with high porosity is often the result of?

A

Over processing

241
Q

The ability of the hair to stretch and return with out breaking is?

A

Elasticity

242
Q

Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to?

A

50 %

243
Q

When shaping and styling hair, consider the hairs?

A

Natural grown patterns

244
Q

Dry hair and scalp can be caused by?

A

Inactive sebaceous glands

245
Q

Oily scalp and hair can be treated by properly shampooing with?

A

normalizing shampoo

246
Q

hair that is not pigmented and almost never has a medulla is?

A

Vellus

247
Q

Long, soft hair found on the scalp, legs, arms and bodies of males and females is?

A

Terminal

248
Q

The phases of hair growth are anagen, catagen and?

A

Telogen

249
Q

The growth phase where new hair is produced is?

A

Anagen

250
Q

The average growth of health scalp hair is?

A

One inch per month

251
Q

The final or resting phase in the hair growth cycle is?

A

Telogen stage

252
Q

In general the cross sections of curly hair can be?

A

Oval

253
Q

The term used to identify abnormal hair loss is?

A

Alopecia

254
Q

The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is called?

A

Alopeica areata

255
Q

Two products apporved by teh FDA to stimulate hair growth and allowed for sale in the United States are?

A

Minoxidil and finasteride

256
Q

The technical term used to describe gray hair is?

A

Canities

257
Q

A variety of canities, characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair, is?

A

Ringed hair

258
Q

A condition of abnormal hair growth on areas of the body is?

A

Hypertrichosis

259
Q

Trichorrhexis nodosa is characterized by brittleness of the hair and the formation of?

A

Swellings along the hair shaft

260
Q

The technial term used to describe beaded hair is?

A

Monilethrix

261
Q

The medical term for dandruff is?

A

Pityriasis

262
Q

The medical term used to describe a fungal organism characterized by itching, scales, and painful circular lesions is?

A

Tinea

263
Q

They type of fungal infection characterized by red papules at the opening of the hair follicles is?

A

Tinea capitis

264
Q

A highly contagious skin disease caused by a mite parasite is?

A

Scabies

265
Q

An acute localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain is?

A

A furuncle

266
Q

An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci is?

A

A carbuncle

267
Q

The spread of diseased can be prevented by practicing approved?

A

Sanitation and disinfection procedures

268
Q

The science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different condition is known as?

A

Chemistry

269
Q

The study of substances that contain carbon is referred to as?

A

Organic chemistry

270
Q

Products manufactured from natural gas, oil or plant or animal remains are considered to be?

A

Organic

271
Q

Metal, minerals, water, and air are examples of?

A

Inorganic substances

272
Q

Inorganic chemistry is the science that deals with compounds lacking?

A

Carbon

273
Q

Any substances that occupies space and has mass can be considered to be?

A

Matter

274
Q

A basic substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity is called?

A

An element

275
Q

Substances that cannot be divided into simple substances by ordinary chemical means are?

A

Atoms

276
Q

The smallest particle of an element is an?

A

Atom

277
Q

Chemically joining two or more atoms forms a?

A

Molecule

278
Q

chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements form?

A

A compound

279
Q

Normal matter exists in 3 different physical states, which are solid, gas and?

A

Liquid

280
Q

Characteristics that do not involve chemically changing a substance are?

A

Physical properties

281
Q

A change in a substance chemical composition is a?

A

Chemical change

282
Q

Matter that is not mixed with substances of different chemical compositions is a?

A

Pure substance

283
Q

Physical mixtures containing two or more different substances are?

A

Solutions, suspensions, and emulsions

284
Q

A blended mixture of two or more liquids or solid dissolved in a liquid is a?

A

Solution

285
Q

A substance that dissolves another substance with no change in chemical composition is a?

A

Solvent

286
Q

Miscible liquids are liquids that can be?

A

Mixed into stable solutions

287
Q

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are?

A

Immiscible

288
Q

A product that does not separate when standing and contains particles is considered to be?

A

A solution

289
Q

Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as?

A

Suspensions

290
Q

A substance that acts as a bridge to allow oil an water to mix or emulsify is an?

A

Lipophilic

291
Q

Ammonium hydroxide and ammonium thioglycolate are examples of products used to?

A

Raise the pH of hair

292
Q

An atom or molecule that caries and electric charge is an?

A

Ion

293
Q

Acids owe their chemical reactivity to the?

A

Hydrogen ion

294
Q

Chemical reactions that produce heat are called?

A

Exothermic

295
Q

The chemical reaction that combines an element or compound with oxygen to produce an oxide is?

A

Oxidation

296
Q

The rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by heat or light is?

A

Combustion

297
Q

When oxygen is subtracted from a substance, the chemical reaction is called?

A

Reduction

298
Q

A substance that has a pH above 7.0 is considered to be an?

A

Alkali solution

299
Q

A sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a moisturizing ingredient in cosmetic products is?

A

Glycerin

300
Q

The chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized is?

A

Redox

301
Q

Electricity is described as a from of

A

Energy

302
Q

The flow of electricity along a conductor is called?

A

Electric current

303
Q

Metals used in electric wiring and motors are materials that are considered good electricity?

A

Conductors

304
Q

Electric wires are usually covered with a rubber substances that is used as an insulator or?

A

Nonconductor

305
Q

The path of electricity from the generating source through conductors and back to the original source is called?

A

Complete Circuit

306
Q

Electric current that is constant, even flowing and travels in one direction is?

A

Direct Current

307
Q

The device that changes direct current to alternating current is an?

A

Converter

308
Q

A rapid and interrupted current that flows in one direction then in the opposite direction is?

A

Alternating current

309
Q

The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons through a conductor is an?

A

Volt

310
Q

The unit that measures the amount of electric current is an?

A

Ampere

311
Q

The current that is used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in?

A

Milliamperes

312
Q

The unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second is an?

A

Watt

313
Q

The device that prevents excessive current from passion through a circuit is an?

A

Fuse

314
Q

A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off and electric current at the first indication of an overload is a?

A

Circuit breaker

315
Q

An important way of promoting electrical safety is the principle of?

A

Grounding

316
Q

An applicator that is used for direction the electric current from the machine to the clients skin is called an?

A

Electrode

317
Q

The positive electrode of an electrotherapy device is called?

A

Anode

318
Q

The negative electrode of an electrotherapy device is called an?

A

Cathode

319
Q

The most commonly used modality that is a constant and direct current is an?

A

Galvanic current

320
Q

The process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current is called?

A

Iontophoresis

321
Q

A process that forces liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole is called?

A

Anaphoresis

322
Q

A Thermal or heat- producing current with a high rate of oscillation that is used for scalp and facial treatments is?

A

Tesla current

323
Q

Visible light, the part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that we can see, makes up what percentage of natural sunlight?

A

35%

324
Q

The long wavelengths that penetrate the deepest and produce the most heat are?

A

Infrared rays

325
Q

To avoid damage to the eyes of the client of practitioner with using light therapy treatments, the eyes should be protected with saturated cotton pads or?

A

Safety Goggles

326
Q

A basic makeup that is used to cover or even out the coloring of the skin is?

A

Foundation

327
Q

Foundation bases are available is stick, cream, mineral, powder and?

A

Liquid

328
Q

Natural derived pigments or color agents added to foundations to provide color are?

A

Lakes

329
Q

The recommended foundation for light coverage on oily to combination skin is?

A

Water based

330
Q

Foundations that provide a heaver base coverage for dry skin are?

A

Cream foundations

331
Q

Foundation should be blended using?

A

Disposable makeup sponges

332
Q

Concealers that are used to hide dark circles and imperfections contain talc or?

A

pigment

333
Q

To keep pressed powder in a cake from, it is usually blended with?

A

Binding Agent

334
Q

A makeup product primarily used to add a natural glow to the cheek or face area is a?

A

Blush

335
Q

Generally, a darker share of eye color makes the natural color of the iris appear?

A

Lighter

336
Q

Color applied over the eye area to even out skin tones and provide a smooth surface for the blending of other colors is a?

A

Base color

337
Q

A color in any finish that deepens and darkens the skin tone and minimizes a specific area is a?

A

Contour color

338
Q

To avoid infection in the tear duct or permanent pigmentation of the mucous membrane lining, eye pencils should never be used?

A

On the inner rim of the eyes

339
Q

A cosmetic preparation used to darken, define and thicken eyelashes is?

A

Mascara

340
Q

To clean professional makeup brushes, a gentle shampoo or brush solvent is used, and the brush is placed into running water with the?

A

Ferrule pointing downward

341
Q

Color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors are?

A

Secondary colors

342
Q

A primary and secondary color directly opposite each other on the color wheel are?

A

Complementary colors

343
Q

Three main factors to consider when choosing color for a client are the clients hair color?

A

Eye color and skin color

344
Q

Color that are dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue reds are classified as?

A

Cool colors

345
Q

Skin tones that contain equal amounts of warm and cool color are considered?

A

Neutral skin tones

346
Q

Complementary color for green eyes are brown based red, which include?

A

Copper, plum and mauve

347
Q

The best type of lighting for color selection in the salon consultation area is?

A

Natural light

348
Q

Foundation application should start at the center of the face and blend with?

A

Outward and downward monitions

349
Q

A basic rule of makeup application is that highlighting emphasizes a feature and shadowing?

A

Minimizes a feature

350
Q

The second portion of an oval-shaped type face is measured from the?

A

Top of eyebrows to the end of the nose

351
Q

The facial shape composed of comparatively straight lines, a wide forehead, and square jaw is the?

A

Square Shaped face

352
Q

The long, narrow facial shape with greater length is proportion to its width is the?

A

Oblong shaped face

353
Q

To minimize a short, flat nose, a lighter foundation is applied?

A

Down the center of the nose, ending at the tip.

354
Q

To set foundation and prevent the transfer to clothing use?

A

Translucent powder

355
Q

In eyebrow arching, the highest part of the eyebrow arch should be from the outer circle to the?

A

Iris of the eye upward

356
Q

A normal healthy nail is firm and flexible and should be?

A

Smooth and unspotted

357
Q

A nail disorder is classified as a condition that is caused by?

A

Injury or disease

358
Q

If a client has skin that is infected, inflamed or swollen that client should be referred to?

A

A physician

359
Q

When preforming nail series on a client with nail riders running vertically down the nail plate, it is recommended that the thechnician?

A

Carefully buff the nail plate

360
Q

A condition of the nails in which blood clots fro under the nail plate is?

A

Bruised nails

361
Q

A common nail condition where living skin around the nail splits due to dryness of the skin is?

A

Hangnails

362
Q

A localized area of increased pigment cells within the matrix bed is responsible for the nail condition?

A

Melanonychia

363
Q

A common term used to describe a nail with a highly curved nail plate is?

A

Plicatured nail

364
Q

An abnormal nail condition that is the result of damage to the Eponychium or Hyponychium and occurs when skin is stretched by the nail plate is?

A

Nail pterygium

365
Q

Parasites that under some conditions may cause infection to the feet and hands are?

A

Fungi

366
Q

Nail fungi are of concern to the salon because they can be transmitted through sanitary implements and are?

A

Contagious

367
Q

A term that should not be used when referring to infections of the fingernails or toenails is?

A

Mold

368
Q

To prevent fungal organisms on the nial, in addition to the sanitation and disinfection of implements, the technician must properly?

A

Clean and prepare the natural nail plate

369
Q

To avoid the spread of any nail diseases or bacterial infections it is imperative that the technician use?

A

Strict sanitation and disinfection practices

370
Q

The lifting of the nail plate form the bed with out shedding is a nail disease called?

A

Onycholysis

371
Q

A bacterial inflammation surrounding the nail tissue that may be the result of excessive exposure to water is?

A

Paronychia

372
Q

The medical term for fungal infections associated with the feet is?

A

Tinea Pedis

373
Q

The technical term used to describe bitten nails is?

A

Onychophagy

374
Q

The naturally occurring skin bacteria that can grow out of the control and cause an infection if conditions are correct is?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Cosmetology (2 decks)

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