STAS: THE HUMAN PERSON FLOURISHING IN TERMS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Flashcards
“The unexamined life is not worth living”
Socrates
“The unexamined life [use of technology] is not worth
living”
Socrates
There are pollutants that are products of
technology
(plastics, metals, radical wastes,
etc.)
Love of wisdom (philos and sofia)
An activity people undertake when they seek to
understand fundamental truths about themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships
to the world and to each other
PHILOSOPHY
studies the character of
technology and its relations to society
Philosophy of technology
• This views technology as basically a means to an
end
ARISTOTELIANISM
technology is the organizing of
techniques in order to meet the demand that is
being posed by humans
• This may seem that technology is primarily
concerned with the product
ARISTOTELIANISM
ARISTOTLE’S FOUR CAUSES
- Causa Materialis or the Material Cause (-silver)
- Causa Formalis or the Formal Cause (-form or
shape) - Cuasa Finalis or the Final Cause (-the purpose)
- Causa Efficiens or the Efficient Cause (-agent
who made the technology: silversmith)
is strongly supported by technologists and
engineers and also by ordinary people who believe
that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and
provide solutions for problems that may come.
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMISM
• The extreme version of this philosophy is
technocratism which holds technology as the
supreme authority on everything.
• Technology is beneficial in many ways but can also
be harmful in many ways.
TECHNOLOGICAL OPTIMISM
(t or f)
Technological optimism believes that technology is
the answer to all man’s problems
true
French philosopher Holds
that technology is progressive and beneficial in
many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways.
Jacques Ellul
According to Ellul’s pessimistic arguments are:
- technological progress has a price
- technological progress creates more problems
- technological progress creates damaging effects
- technological progress creates unpredictable
devastating effects
The main concern of this view is the existence or
the mode of being of someone or something which
is governed by the norm of authenticity.
Revolve around the meaning or existence of a
thing or person
EXISTENTIALISM
a philosopher is one of the most
known supporters of this philosophy.
- His inquires are about the essence of
technology
Martin Heidegger
A well-known German philosopher, examined the
two usual definitions of technology: means to an
end and a human activity, because he believed that
this kind of confusing and there are questions to it
that we easily overlook.
Martin Heidegger
• He called it the instrumental and anthropological
definition of technology or simply means by which
the human ends are realized.
Martin Heidegger
According to Martin Heidegger, why there is a need
to question the essence of technology?
- For us to be masters of technology.
Why perceiving the essence of technology through
its instrumentality or as “means to an end” could
brought problems?
- We become slaves of technology
What is the essence of technology aside from its
uses or instrumentality?
- Technology is a way of revealing (physis and
poesies) - Physis: manipulating (use the thing for
manipulation; tree as a chair, etc.) - Poiesis: revealing occurring in artists and poets
(appreciation)
Is the essence of modern technology different from
the essence of prior technologies? How?
- The revealing of technology before and the
modern is different, but both can still be used. - Old technology (purely physis without
enframing) - Modern technology (beyond the way of nature;
enframing)
What is “enframing”? What is the danger posed by
“enframing”?
- Treats the nature as a standing reserve
According to Martin Heidegger, how to prevent the
unwanted consequences of “enframing”?
- We can rely on the other way of revealing
which is poiesis. - Learn how to appreciate nature or life
shared that, we can’t turn to science
for an answer because in the first place, science
identified human with varied opinion and limited
evidence.
Smith (2012)
recognized that the possession
of intellect distinguishes a human being from
another creature.
Blakemore and Greenfield ( 1987; as cited
in Bernaldez, 2001)
According to______________, it was originally the
fundamental question of philosophy, which was
pursued by the ancient Greek philosophers but later
on neglected, if not forgotten, in Western
philosophy.
Heidegger
Furthermore, he argued that asking for the meaning
of the term “being” doesn’t suggest that the
“inquirer” has no idea about it because in the first
place, the meaning of “being” is associated with the
concept of existence, which means that the
“inquirer” already has the idea on the term
“however vague or incomplete”. The “inquirer”
obviously refers to “man” as “being”, focuses to the
“what” of human existence.
Heidegger
used the term “dasein” which literally
means “being there” focuses on the “mode of
existence” or the “who” of “Dasein”. The “modes of
existence” is fundamentally established by two
things:
1. Dasein exist in a world
2. Dasein has a self that it defines as it exist in
such world. (Mabaquiao, n.d)
• Hence this support human being’s capacity to
decide on what is good or bad for them.
Heidegger
(t or f)
It has been discussed that human being is endowed
with innate abilities and characteristics that let him
sustain his function and to survive in the given
environment
true
his teachings suggest that each man’s life
has a purpose and that the function of one’s life is
to attain that purpose.
Aristotle
for him, happiness (earthly) is the highest
desire and ambition of all human beings.
And to achieve it, one must cultivate the highest
virtues within oneself. Aristotle believed that
human beings have a natural desire and capacity to
know and understand the truth, to pursue moral
excellence, and to instantiate their ideals in the
world through action.
Aristotle
We all aspire for happiness and it is ____________
EUDOMENIA
is consists of
Greek words “eu” which means “good” and
“daemon” which means “spirit”
• meaning “the state of having good indwelling spirit;
a good genius”
EUDOMENIA
(also known as Eudaemonism) is a
Greek word, which refers to state of having a good
indwelling spirit of being in a contented state of
being healthy, happy and prosperous.
Eudaimonia
is used to refer to
the right actions as those that result in the well-
being of an individual
eudaimonia
• DOING RGHT ACTIONS BY ACQUIRING VIRTUES
- Intellectual (pursue for wisdom)
- Moral (can only be developed when it becomes
our habit)
EUDOMENIA
(born 341 B.C) was a Greek philosopher
who contradicted the metaphysical philosophers.
Epicurus
he believed that balance and temperature were
created space for happiness.
Epicurus
• His view is not more of how happiness can be
defined but more on theory about the real source
to experience it.
• HAPPINESS SHOULD BE PLEASURABLE
Epicurus
was a German
philosopher and cultural critic who published
intensively in the 1870s and 1880s.
Friedrich Nietzche
He is known for his criticisms on psychological
analyses that resulted to opposing ideas on the
people’s received ideas
Friedrich Nietzche
his viewed happiness in a
different way. For him happiness is an “ideal state
of laziness”
Laziness for him is described as to not have any
worries or distress in life.
Friedrich Nietzche
based on him,
• Life is devoid of intrinsic meaning
• “chaining yourself to the absurd” simply means
living with the acknowledgement that life is flawed
ALBERT CAMUS
for him, be happy with our friends, in harmony with the world, and earn our happiness by following a path which nevertheless leads to death. It is not so easy to become what one is, to rediscover one’s deepest measure.
ALBERT CAMUS
for him, • Philosophers’ views are the evidence of objective sense of how it means to flourish.
ALBERT CAMUS
• It accepts that man’s ultimate desire of living is to
flourish and to experience a life of well-being (life
that goes well for him).
• Flourishing can either be based on the state of mind
(e.g mental habit) or a kind of value (e.g insights,
outlook).
ALBERT CAMUS
