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ClLITE > STAS 3 > Flashcards

STAS 3 Flashcards

1
Q

human needs and wants.

A

Scientific Revolution

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2
Q

call of the times and created

A

Brilliant minds

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3
Q

people’s perceptions and beliefs.

A

Scientific Revolution

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4
Q

Much of these events happened in a period now known as

A

Intellectual Revolution

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5
Q

refer to the great intellectual achievements of science

A

Scientific Revolution

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6
Q

the golden age for people

A

Scientific revolution

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7
Q

The Scientific Revolution develops as an offshoot of the

A

Renaissance

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8
Q

questioning spirit, traditional, natural world.

A

Renaissance

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9
Q

Earth is at the center was supported during the Middle Ages

A

geocentric model

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10
Q

were the only authorities accepted as truth

A

the Bible and Aristotle

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11
Q

taught that the Earth was the center of the universe.

A

Ptolemy

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12
Q

was supported by the Church

A

geocentric theory

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13
Q

refers to complex technological innovations from 1750 to 1895, marking the birth of modern economy.

A

Industrial revolution

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14
Q

fueled a great deal of scientific research because of technology needed for navigation

A

 Age of Exploration

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15
Q
  • was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who studied in Italy.
  • published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).
  • The universe is heliocentric, or sun-centered.
A

Nicolaus Copernicus

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16
Q

Copernicus’ model of the solar system:

A
  1. Sun
  2. Moon
  3. Mercury
  4. Venus
  5. Earth
  6. Mars
  7. Jupiter
  8. Saturn
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17
Q

came to these conclusions using mathematical formulas.

A
  • Copernicus
18
Q

marked the start of modern science and astronomy.

A

Copernican conception of the universe

18
Q
  • the Danish astronomer
  • provided evidence that supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory.
  • astronomical observatory
  • the stars and planets.
A

Tycho Brahe

19
Q
  • Most scholars rejected his theory because it went against Ptolemy, the Church, and because it called for the Earth
A

rotate on its axis.

20
Q
  • the German astronomer and mathematician
  • used Brahe’s data to calculate the orbits
  • oval shaped orbits
A

Johannes Kepler

21
Q
  • who built upon the scientific foundations laid by Copernicus and Kepler.
  • first telescope
  • rotated around the sun.
  • discovered fall at the same speed regardless of weight
  • fixed and unmoving.
  • recanted
  • house arrest not allowed to publish his ideas.
A

Galileo Galilei

22
Q
  • who built upon the work of Copernicus and Galileo.
  • most influential scientist of the Scientific Revolution
  • prove the existence of gravity
  • laws of light and color
  • laws of motion
  • He invented calculus
A

Sir Isaac Newton

23
Q
  • Studied medicine at Edinburgh, theology at Cambridge
  • developed the biological theory of evolution
  • observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants
  • patterns he’d seen on his voyage
A

Charles Darwin

24
Q

explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors

A

evolution

25
Q
  • To find an explanation for change in nature, Darwin studied the changes produced by plant and animal breeders
  • natural variation provided the raw material for evolution
A

Artificial Selection

26
Q
  • From Malthus’ theory of supply and demand, Darwin reasoned that if more individuals are produced than can survive, they will have to compete for food, living space and other necessities of life
A

Struggle for Existence

27
Q
  • Ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called
A

FITNESS

28
Q
  • noticed that people were being born faster than people were dying
  • He observed that most organisms produce many more offspring than survive.
A

Thomas Malthus

29
Q
  • the slow and gradual process by which living organisms have changed from the simplest unicellular form to the most complex multi-cellular forms that are existing today.
A

ORGANIC EVOLUTION

29
Q

is the study that explains human behavior.

A
  • Psychoanalysis
30
Q
  • An Austrian Neurologist who became fascinated with studying hysteria.
  • Father of psychoanalysis.
  • Psychology was considered more of an art rather than a science.
  • Psychoanalysis
A

Sigmund Freud

31
Q

– like the top of the iceberg, only a small portion of our mind is accessible to us.

A
  1. Conscious mind
32
Q

material that is unconscious, but can be easily brought into awareness. Moves back & forth easily between conscious & unconscious.

A
  1. Preconscious mind
33
Q

is completely outside of our awareness (could produce anxiety if made conscious).

A
  1. Unconscious mind
34
Q

Levels of Consciousness: Iceberg theory

A
  1. Conscious mind
  2. Preconscious mind
  3. Unconscious mind
35
Q

“pleasure principle” unconscious impulses that want to be gratified, without regard to potential punishment.
* Original Core of an Individual personality
* Biological Driven
* Primarily Unconscious

A
  • Id
36
Q

“reality principle” – tries to satisfy id impulses while minimizing punishment & guilt.
- Self- Identity which arises out of ID
- It controls voluntary motion and self- reservation behavior

A

Ego

36
Q

consists of thoughts that focus on the present state of the mind

A

Conscious mind

36
Q

the “moral principle” of our personality which tells us right from wrong our conscience.
- Developing out of the Ego
- Serves as conscience

A

Superego

37
Q

consists of primitive desires, wishes or impulse which is mediates by the preconscious mind

A

Subconscious mind

38
Q

consists of what can be retrieved from the memory

A

Preconscious mind

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