Staphylococcus Aureus Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the basics behind the staphlococcus aureus
A
- Most virulent of the staphylcoccal species
- Remains a major cause of morbidity and morality
- Causes diseases through both toxin-mediated and non-toxin mediated mechanisms
- Responsible for both healthcare associated and community based infections
2
Q
Who is more vulnerable to colonisation?
A
- Insulin dependant diabetics
- HIV infection
- Patients undergoing heamodialysis
- Individuals with skin damage
3
Q
What is the most frequent site of colonisation?
A
- Anterior nares are the most frequent site of colonisation
4
Q
What are other common sites of colonisation?
A
Skin, Vagina, Axilla, Perineum, Oropharynx
5
Q
What are the sites of distant septic metastases?
A
- Bones and joints,
- Epidural space and intervertabral disc’s
- Native and prosthetic cardiac valves
- Visceral abscesses in the spleen, kidneys and lung
6
Q
What investigations can be made to identify the specimens?
A
- Microscopy and culture of speciemens
- Multiple blood cultures before commencing antibiotic therapy
- Repeat blood cultures and recommend 48-72 hours after commencing antibiotic therapy
- Biopsy samples may be of value for bone infections
- Imaging, X-ray, CT, MRI, Radionucleotide imagine
- Transthoracic echocardiography
7
Q
What is the basis of treatment for invasive staphylococcal infections?
A
- Antibiotic therapy
- Source identification and clearance
- Appropriate surgical intervention
8
Q
What is the antibiotic management of Flucloxacillin?
A
- Minimum duration of treatment for uncomplicated staph aureus infection is 14 days
9
Q
What is the antibiotic management of Vancomycin?
A
- Not an ideal drug, poor tissue penetration, slow bactericidal activity, inconvenient administration
10
Q
What is the antibiotic management of Teicoplanin?
A
- Has an advantage that its single daily dosing and could be used three times weekly after appropriate loading
11
Q
What is the antibiotic management of Linezolid?
A
- Bacteriostatic, synthetic oxazolidinone, good penetration into bone and excellent oral bioavailability
12
Q
What is the antibiotic management of Daptomycin?
A
- Cyclic lipopeptide with rapid bactericidal activity against S.aurues, has the advantage of once daily dosing
