Staphylococcus aureus

Question 1

what infections does s. aureus cause?

Answer 1

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
- Folliculitis
- Carbuncles
- Cellulitis
- Abscesses

Bone and Joint Infections
- Osteomyelitis
- Septic Arthritis

RTIs
- Pneumonia
- Empyema (pus in pleural cavity)

Cardiovascular Infections
- Endocarditis
- Bacteremia –> sepsis

Toxin-Mediated Diseases
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (from its enterotoxins

UTIs
- cystitis
- Pyelonephritis

Question 2

risk factors of utis

Answer 2

female - shorter urethra

Obstruction in urination - kidney stones - renal hypertrophy - catheter use

Immunocompromisation

Sexual activity

Question 3

prevention and treatment of UTIs

Answer 3

hydration

hygiene practices

antibiotics
– trimethoprim
– sulfamethoxazole

analgesics to alleviate symptoms

Question 4

Fibronogen-binding proteins and Lipid A

Question 5

Protein A

Answer 5

Binds to the Fc portion of immunoglobulins, preventing opsonisation and phagocytosis.

Question 6

Haemolysins alpha beta gamma delta

Question 7

Clotting factors – coagulase

Question 8

Clumping factors ClFA ClFB

Question 9

Hyaluronidase -

Question 10

Staphylokinase

Question 11

EXFOLIATIVE toxins

Question 12

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Question 13

ENTEROTOXINS – Heat-stable toxins

Answer 13

food poisoning

Question 14

What agar can select for Staph aureus

Answer 14

Blood agar – yellow colonies grow – discoloration of agar

HPA – _ _ agar – colour change red to yellow –

Question 15

Polysaccharide capsule

Question 16

Biofilm Production

Question 17

CHIP

Question 18

SSL

Question 19

SCIN