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Staphylococcus Flashcards

0
Q

food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

A

S. aureus
Diseases
Toxin mediated

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1
Q

S. aureus
Diseases
Toxin mediated

A

food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome

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2
Q

S. aureus
Diseases
Cutaneous

A

Carbuncles, folliculitis, furuncles, impetigo, wound infection

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3
Q

Carbuncles, folliculitis, furuncles, impetigo, wound infection

A

S. aureus
Diseases
Cutaneous

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4
Q

S. aureus
Diseases
Other

A

Bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis

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5
Q

Bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis

A

S. aureus
Diseases
Other

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6
Q

S. epidermidis

Diseases

A

Bacteremia; endocarditis; surgical wounds; urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections of catheters, shunts, prosthetic devices, and peritoneal dialysates

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7
Q

Bacteremia; endocarditis; surgical wounds; urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections of catheters, shunts, prosthetic devices, and peritoneal dialysates

A

S. epidermidis

Diseases

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8
Q

S. saprophticus

Diseases

A

Urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections

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9
Q

Urinary tract infections; opportunistic infections

A

S. saprophticus

Diseases

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10
Q

S. lugdunensis

Diseases

A

Endocarditis; arthritis; bacteremia; opportunistic infections, urinary tract infections

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11
Q

Endocarditis; arthritis; bacteremia; opportunistic infections, urinary tract infections

A

S. lugdunensis

Diseases

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12
Q

S. haemolyticus

Diseases

A

Bacteremia; endocarditis; bone and joint infections; urinary tract infections; wound infections; and opportunistic infections

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13
Q

Bacteremia; endocarditis; bone and joint infections; urinary tract infections; wound infections; and opportunistic infections

A

S. haemolyticus

Diseases

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14
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Structural components

A 
Capsule
Slime layer
Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
Protein A
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15
Q 
Capsule
Slime layer
Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid
Protein A
A

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Structural components

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16
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Toxins

A

Cytotoxins
Exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)
Enterotoxins (A-R)
Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1

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17
Q

Cytotoxins
Exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)
Enterotoxins (A-R)
Toxic shock syndrom toxin-1

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Toxins

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18
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Enzymes

A 
Coagulase
Hyaluronidase
Fibrinolysin
Lipases
Nucleases
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19
Q 
Coagulase
Hyaluronidase
Fibrinolysin
Lipases
Nucleases
A

Staphylococcus aureus
Virulence factors
Enzymes

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20
Q

S. aureus capsule

A

S. aureus structural components

Inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis; inhibits proliferation of mononuclear cells

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21
Q

S. aureus structural components

Inhibits chemotaxis and phagocytosis; inhibits proliferation of mononuclear cells

A

S. aureus capsule

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22
Q

S. aureus slime layer

A

S. aureus structural components

Facilitates adherens to foreign bodies; inhibits phagocytosis

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23
Q

S. aureus structural components

Facilitates adherens to foreign bodies; inhibits phagocytosis

A

S. aureus slime layer

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24
Q

S. aureus structural components

Provides osmotic stability; stimulates production of endogenous pyrogen( endotoxin- like activity); leukocye chemoattractant( abscess formation); inhibits phagocytosis

A

S. aureus peptidoglycan

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25
Q

S. aureus peptidoglycan

A

S. aureus structural components

Provides osmotic stability; stimulates production of endogenous pyrogen( endotoxin- like activity); leukocye chemoattractant( abscess formation); inhibits phagocytosis

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26
Q

S. aureus teichoic acid

A

S. aureus structural components

Binds to fibronectin

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27
Q

S. aureus structural components

Binds to fibronectin

A

S. aureus teichoic acid

28
Q

S. aureus protein A

A

S. aureus structural components

Inhibits antibody-mediated clearance by binding IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 Fc receptors; leukocyte chemoattractant; anticomplementry

29
Q

S. aureus structural components

Inhibits antibody-mediated clearance by binding IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 Fc receptors; leukocyte chemoattractant; anticomplementry

A

S. aureus protein A

30
Q

S. aureus toxins

Toxic for many cells, including erythrocytes, fibroblast, leukocytes, macrophages, and platelets

A

S. aureus Cytotoxins

31
Q

S. aureus Cytotoxins

A

S. aureus toxins

Toxic for many cells, including erythrocytes, fibroblast, leukocytes, macrophages, and platelets

32
Q

S. aureus exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)

A

S. aureus toxins

Serine protease that split the intercelluar bridges in the stratum granulosum epidermis

33
Q

S. aureus toxins

Serine protease that split the intercelluar bridges in the stratum granulosum epidermis

A

S. aureus exfoliative toxins (ETA, ETB)

34
Q

S. aureus toxins

Enterotoxins (A-R)

A

S. aureus toxin

Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); stimulate release of inflammatory mediators in mast cell, increasing intestinal peristalsis and fluid loss, as well as nausea and vomiting

35
Q

S. aureus toxin

Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); stimulate release of inflammatory mediators in mast cell, increasing intestinal peristalsis and fluid loss, as well as nausea and vomiting

A

S. aureus toxins

Enterotoxins (A-R)

36
Q

S. aureus toxins

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1

A

S. aureus toxins

Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); produces leakage or cellular destruction of endothelial cells

37
Q

S. aureus toxins

Superantigen ( stimulate proliferation of T cells and release of cytokines); produces leakage or cellular destruction of endothelial cells

A

S. aureus toxins

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1

38
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Coagulase

A

S. aureus enzyme

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

39
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin

A

S. aureus enzyme

Coagulase

40
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Hyaluronidase

A

S. aureus enzyme

Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue, promoting the spread of staphylococci in tissue

41
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid in connective tissue, promoting the spread of staphylococci in tissue

A

S. aureus enzyme

Hyaluronidase

42
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Fibrinolysin

A

S. aureus enzyme

Dissolves fibrin clots

43
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Dissolves fibrin clots

A

S. aureus enzyme

Fibrinolysin

44
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Lipases

A

S. aureus enzyme

Hydrolyzes lipids

45
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Hydrolyzes lipids

A

S. aureus enzyme

Lipases

46
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Nucleases

A

S. aureus enzyme

Hydrolyzes DNA

47
Q

S. aureus enzyme

Hydrolyzes DNA

A

S. aureus enzyme

Nucleases

48
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Biology

A

Catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters, species characterized by the presence of coagulase, protein A, and species-specific ribitol teichoic acid with N acetylglucosamine residues( “polysaccharide A”)

49
Q

Catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters, species characterized by the presence of coagulase, protein A, and species-specific ribitol teichoic acid with N acetylglucosamine residues( “polysaccharide A”)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Biology

50
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Virulence factors

A

Virulence factor include structural component that facilitate adherence to host tissue and avoid phagocytosis, and a variety of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes

51
Q

Virulence factor include structural component that facilitate adherence to host tissue and avoid phagocytosis, and a variety of toxins and hydrolytic enzymes

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Virulence factors

52
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Diseases

A

Diseases include toxin-mediated diseases (food poisoning, TSS, scalded skin syndrome), pyogenic diseases (impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, wound infections), and other systemic diseases

Hospital- and community-acquired infections with MRSA are a significant worldwide problem

53
Q

Diseases include toxin-mediated diseases (food poisoning, TSS, scalded skin syndrome), pyogenic diseases (impetigo, folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, wound infections), and other systemic diseases

Hospital- and community-acquired infections with MRSA are a significant worldwide problem

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Diseases

54
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Epidemiology

A

Normal flora on human skin and mucosal surfaces
Organisms can survive on dry surface for long periods (because of thickened peptidoglycan layer and absence of outer membrane

Person-to-person spread through direct contact or exposure to contaminated fomites (e.g., bed linens, clothing)

55
Q

Normal flora on human skin and mucosal surfaces
Organisms can survive on dry surface for long periods (because of thickened peptidoglycan layer and absence of outer membrane

Person-to-person spread through direct contact or exposure to contaminated fomites (e.g., bed linens, clothing)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Epidemiology

56
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Epidemiology
Risk factors

A

Risk factors include presence of foreign body (e.g, splinter, suture, prosthesis, catheter), previous surgical procedure, and use of antibiotics that suppress the normal microbial flora

57
Q

Risk factors include presence of foreign body (e.g, splinter, suture, prosthesis, catheter), previous surgical procedure, and use of antibiotics that suppress the normal microbial flora

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Epidemiology
Risk factors

58
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
Epidemiology
Patients risk factors

A

Patients at risk for specific diseases include infants (skalded skin syndrom), young children with poor personal hygiene (impetigo and other cutaneous infections), menstruating women (TSS), patients with intravascular catheters (bacteremia and endocarditis) or shunts (meningitis) and patients with compromised pulmonary function or an antecedent viral respiratory infection( pneumonia)

59
Q

Patients at risk for specific diseases include infants (skalded skin syndrom), young children with poor personal hygiene (impetigo and other cutaneous infections), menstruating women (TSS), patients with intravascular catheters (bacteremia and endocarditis) or shunts (meningitis) and patients with compromised pulmonary function or an antecedent viral respiratory infection( pneumonia)

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Epidemiology
Patients risk factors

60
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Diagnosis

A

Microscopy useful for pyogenic infections but not blood infections or toxin-mediated infections

Staphylococci grow rapidly when cultured on nonselective media

Selective media (e.g., mannitol-salt agar) can be used to recover S. aureus in contaminated specimens

61
Q

Microscopy useful for pyogenic infections but not blood infections or toxin-mediated infections

Staphylococci grow rapidly when cultured on nonselective media

Selective media (e.g., mannitol-salt agar) can be used to recover S. aureus in contaminated specimens

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Diagnosis

62
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Treatment

A

Localized infections managed by incision and drainage; antibiotic therapy indicated for systemic infections

63
Q

Localized infections managed by incision and drainage; antibiotic therapy indicated for systemic infections

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Treatment

64
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Empiric therapy

A

Empiric therapy should include antibiotics active MRSA strains. Oral therapy can include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline or minocycline, clindamycin, or linezolid; vancomycin is drug of choice for intravenous theraphy, with daptomycin, tigecycline or linezolid acceptable alternatives

65
Q

Empiric therapy should include antibiotics active MRSA strains. Oral therapy can include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline or minocycline, clindamycin, or linezolid; vancomycin is drug of choice for intravenous theraphy, with daptomycin, tigecycline or linezolid acceptable alternatives

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Empiric therapy

66
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

Control

A

Treatment is symtomatic for patients with food poisoning ( although the source of infection should be identified so that appropriate preventive procedures can be enacted) proper cleansing of wounds and use of disinfectant help prevent infections, thorough hand washing and covering of exposed skin helps medical personnel prevent infection or spread to other patients

67
Q

Treatment is symtomatic for patients with food poisoning ( although the source of infection should be identified so that appropriate preventive procedures can be enacted) proper cleansing of wounds and use of disinfectant help prevent infections, thorough hand washing and covering of exposed skin helps medical personnel prevent infection or spread to other patients

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Control

Bacteriology (1 decks)

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