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Pathology: Infectious disease section > Staphylococci > Flashcards

Staphylococci Flashcards

1
Q

Cocci bacteria

A

staph, strep, enterococcus

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2
Q

bacilli: Spore forming

A
  • Bacillus (facultative anaerobe)

- Clostridium (obligate anaerobe)

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3
Q

Bacilli: Non-spore forming

A
  • Listeria

- Corynebacteria

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4
Q

Strep

A

catalase negative

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5
Q

Staph

A

catalase positive

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6
Q

What kind of infection are Staph and Strep common in?

A
  • skin infections/eruptions
  • wound infections
  • upper respiratory infections (sinusitis/pharyngitis)
  • Pneumonia
  • food poisoning/TSS
  • septicemia/disseminated infections
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7
Q

staph/strep accounts from the majority for what kind if infections?

A

suppurative infections

  • also abscess formation-> can only spread along tissue planes
  • role of phagocytosis/opsonization very important
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8
Q

diseases that interfere with ________ function result in pyogenic infections?

A

neutrophils

  • diabetes
  • chronic granulomatous disease
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9
Q

is staph a native flora?

A

Yes

-ubiquitous (common cause of skin abscesses)

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10
Q

Coagulase positive staph?

A

Staph. aureus

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11
Q

coagulase negative staph?

A

Staph. epidermidis

  • infects damaged tissue
  • contamination of devices, implants-> lead to infection
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12
Q

what are general forms of disease from staph?

A
  • local infections/abscess formation
  • bacteremia (sepsis)-> can be to heart valves, kidneys, bones, joints
  • toxin-mediated diseases: food poisoning, TSS
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13
Q

what are the virulence factors of Staph?

A
  • coagulase +/-
  • cytolytic toxins
  • lipases
  • penicillinase, plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance
  • fibronectin and vitronectin-> bind to host cells
  • protein A: binds Fc portion of immunoglobulins
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14
Q

what are toxins from staph?

A
  • enterotoxins
  • cytolytic toxins
  • exfoliative toxins
  • toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)
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15
Q

Pathogenic factors in S. aureus

A
  • Suppurative disease: impetigo, folliculitis
  • Enteritis
  • TSS
  • Postoperative pneumonia
  • staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
  • food poisoning
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16
Q

For staph infections: over growth of NF/UPT leads to?

A

sinusitis

otitis media

17
Q

For staph infections: access to sterile areas leads to?

A
  • skin, wound infection
  • hematogenous spread from punctures
  • bacteremia spread to joints, bone, heart valves. etc
18
Q

For staph infections: deep infections in immunosuppressed/debilitated leads to?

A

necrotizing pneumonia, septicemia

19
Q

types of skin/wound infections?

A

furuncle, carbuncle, sutures/foreign bodies, impetigo

20
Q

staph infections are a common cause of ________ infections?

A

burns, surgical, nosocomial infections

21
Q

staph infections of UPT are usually caused from?

A

obstruction with overgrowth of colonizing bacteria

-sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis

22
Q

what are UPT is usually associated with?

A
  • secondary to viral infection
  • diabetes
  • trauma or irritation
  • foreign bodies
  • duct obstruction
23
Q

what are the two toxic mediated diseases with staph?

A

food poisoning

TSS

24
Q

what toxin causes food poisoning with staph?

A

enterotoxin

  • short incubation (1-6 hours)
  • custards, milk, meats, potato salad
25
Q

what is TSS from staph?

A

overgrowth of bacteria with absorption of toxin

  • T cell super antigen (non-specific activation)
  • fever, diffuse macular rash, shock
  • confused with gram negative sepsis
26
Q

characteristics of bacteremia from staph?

A

relatively non-threatening

  • seeding of damaged tissue from circulation
  • acute endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis
27
Q

characteristics of bronchopneumonia from staph?

A

debilitated patients

  • nosocomial
  • secondary to viral infection, or obstructive illness
  • very destructive purulent lesions
28
Q

characteristics of staph saprophyticus

A

NF, periurethral and urethral flora

-UTI in young women

29
Q

characteristics of staph epidermidis

A

coagulase negative

-only infects inert objects (catheters, artificial tissues)

30
Q

MRSA

A

has hospital and community forms

31
Q

what is MRSA first detected as?

A

cluster of abscesses or spider bites

32
Q

community acquired MRSA

A

mostly skin and soft tissue infections

  • 5% invasive (sepsis, bone/joints)
  • NOT lethal organism
33
Q

how do most MRSA infections occur?

A

cuts, wounds, or abrasions that allow bacteria to enter the skin or mucous membranes
-can cause local necrosis (like a spider bite), and look like a small collection of boils

Pathology: Infectious disease section (11 decks)

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