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MT 6320 LEC: CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > staph > Flashcards

staph Flashcards

1
Q

Micrococci belongs to the family of

A

Micrococcaceae

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2
Q

Gram (+) or Gram (-)

Micrococci

A

Gram (+) cocci

in clusters ; in tetrads

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3
Q

Belongs to the family Staphylococcaceae

A

staphylococci

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4
Q

this means grapelike clusters

A

staphylococcus

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5
Q

Gr (+) cocci (0.5 - 1.5 um) in clusters, in pairs, singly

A

staphylococcus

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6
Q

Staphylococcus

all are catalase (+) except

A

S. aureus subsp anaerobius and S. saccharolyticus

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7
Q

Staphylococcus

all are modified oxidase (-) except

A

S. sciuri, S. lentus, S. vitulus

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8
Q

majority of motile bacterias are

A

bacilli

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9
Q

all are non-motile and non-sporeformers

A

staphylococcus

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10
Q

gaseous requirement

A

aerobic or facultative

except S. aureus and S. saccharolyticus

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11
Q

halophilic and nitrate reducers

A

staphylococcus

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12
Q

colonial morphology

A
  • pinhead
  • raised
  • creamy
  • lemon yellow or golden yellow colonies
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13
Q

colonial morphology

S. albus

A

white

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14
Q

colonial morphology

S. aureus

A

golden yellow

due to the pigment of staphyloxanthin

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15
Q

colonial morphology

S. citreus

A

lemon yellow colonies

more seen in loeffler’s serum slant

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16
Q

this is an initial test that’s performed to differentiate the Staphylococcus spp.

A

coagulase test

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17
Q

coagulase producing saphylococcus

A
  • S. aureus
  • S. intermedius
  • S. pseudointermedius
  • S. hyicus
  • S. delphini
  • S. lutrae
  • S. agnetis
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18
Q

2 groups of coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS)

A
  • Novobiocin Susceptible
  • Novobiocin Resistant
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19
Q

Novobiocin Susceptible

has zone of inhibition

A
  • S. epidermis
  • S. haemolyticus
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20
Q

Novobiocin Resistant

has NO zone of inhibition

A
  • S. saprophyticus
  • S. xylosus
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21
Q

primary reservoir of staphylococcus

A

human nares

particulary S. aureus

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22
Q

clinically significant staphylococcus

A
  • S. aureus
  • S. epidermis
  • S. lugdunensis
  • S. saprophyticus

first 2 is coag. (+), last 2 is coag. (-)

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23
Q

less common but implicated as opportunistic pathogens

A
  • S. warneri
  • S. capitis
  • S. hominis
  • S. schleiferi
  • S. haemolyticus
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24
Q

staphyloccocus

most clinically significant

A

S. aureus

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25
Q

causes a wide variety of diseases such as

A
  • pimples
  • sty
  • cellulitis
  • folliculitis
  • toxic shock syndrome
  • scalded skin syndrome
  • food poisoning
  • impetigo
  • furuncles and carbuncles

also causes nosocomial and opportunistic

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26
Q

pathologic determinants

A
  • protein A: antiphagocytic
  • capsular polysaccharide
  • peptidoglycan and teichoic acids
    - endotoxin like activity
    - activates complement, interleukin 1
    - chemotactic factor for PMN

protein a is a cell wall component of S. aureus

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27
Q

Heat stable toxins

A

Enterotoxins

28
Q

virulence factors

A
  • hemolysins (alpha, beta, gamma and delta)
  • panton valentine factor leukocidin
  • beta-lactamase
  • PBP2
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Lipases
  • Staphylocoagulase
  • TSST-1 - superantigens
  • Enterotoxins
  • Exfoliative Toxin
  • Protein A: antiphagocytic
  • Capsular Polysaccharide
  • Peptidoglycan and Teichoic Acids
  • Nucleases
29
Q

Enterotoxins

A, B, D

A

staphylococcus food poisoning

30
Q

Enterotoxins

B

A

Staphylococcus pseudomembranous enterocolitis

31
Q

Enterotoxins

B, C, G, I

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

32
Q

Enterotoxins

F

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin 1 (TSST - 1) / Pyrogenic Exotoxin

33
Q

causes almost all cases of menstruating TSS

A

TSST - 1

34
Q

also known as Epidermolytic Toxin

A

Exfoliative Toxin

35
Q

Epidermolytic Toxin is implicated in

A
  • Ritter-Lyell Disease
  • Scalded Skin Syndrome
  • Dermatitis Exfoliativa
36
Q

Epidermolytic Toxin is also implicated in

A

Bullous Impetigo

37
Q

extracellular toxins that affect RBCs and WBCs

A

Cytolytic Toxins

38
Q

Hemolysins

A
  • Alpha
  • Beta/hot cold lysin (type of sphingomyelinase)
  • Delta-toxic to RBCs and other mammalian cells
    Gamma (associated with PVL)
39
Q

what are the 2 cytolytic toxins

A
  • hemolysins
  • leukocidin
40
Q

Ezymes

A
  • DNAse, lipase, hyaluronidase, staphylokinase
    - detroys tissue and responsible for spread of infection
  • staphylocoagulase
    - cell free r bound ; localization of abscess
    - virulence marker
41
Q

other factors not related to pathogenecity

A
  • penicillinase
  • catalase
  • thermonuclease
  • gelatinase
42
Q

What are the skin wound infections: suppurative

A
  • Folliculitis
  • Furuncles (boils)
  • catbuncles
  • bullous impetigo
  • acne
43
Q

Exfoliative dermatitis that occurs among newborns and previously healthy young children; also seen among adults with chronic renal failure

A

SSS: Scalded Skin Syndrome

44
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms

A
  • sudden onset of fever
  • chills
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • muscle pain
  • rashes
  • can progress to hypotension and shock
45
Q

2 categories of Toxic Shock Syndrome

A
  • menstruating associated
  • non menstruating associated
46
Q

involves the ingestion of a preformed enterotoxin from food that is improperly stored

A

staphylococcal food poisoning: gastrointestinal disturbances

47
Q

incubation period of staphylococcal food poisoning

A

2-8 hrs

48
Q

most common enterotoxin causing food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin A

49
Q

50% of CONS isolates

A

S. epidermidis

50
Q

usually a normal inhabitant of the skin

A

S. epidermidis

51
Q
  • most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis
  • infection are nosocomial
  • causes “stitch abscess”
A

S. epidermidis

52
Q

2nd most common cause of UTI after E. coli

A

S. saprophyticus

53
Q

associated with pyelonephritis and cystitis in young women and in older men using catheters

A

S. saprophyticus

54
Q

colony counts may be < 100,000 CFU / ml but is still significant to be considered as a cause of UTI

A

S. saprophyticus

55
Q

a cause of nosocomial infections such as endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis and skin and soft tissue infections

A

S. lugdunensis

56
Q

positive for clumping factor (slide coagulase)

A

S. lugdunensis

57
Q
  • causes an aggressive type of endocarditis
  • high mortality rate
A

S. lugdunensis

58
Q

samples for staphylococcus

A

aspirates are preferred; if swabs are submitted, it must be at least 2

59
Q

what are the culture media for isolation and ID

A
  • BAP
  • CAP
  • Broth: Thioglycollate, BHI, Blood-Broth
  • Selective Media such as Columbia Colistin Nalidixic Agar, PEA
  • Selective and Differential Media such as: MSA, CHROMagar staph aureus
60
Q

Colonial Characteristics of BAP

A
  • Round
  • Smooth
  • White or Yellow pigmented
  • Creamy colonies
61
Q

Colonial Characteristics of CAP

A

S. aureus
- pinhead colonies (greenish discoloration)

62
Q

Colonial Characteristics of S. epidermidis

A
  • small-medium sized
  • gray colonies
  • yellow pigmented colonies
63
Q

Colonial Characteristics of S. lugdunensis

A

medium sized colonies; Beta-hemolytic

64
Q

beta-hemolysis can be seen in what colony

A

S. aureus colonies

65
Q

non-mannitol fermentor can be seen in

A

S. epidermidis

66
Q

mannitol fermentor can be seen in

A

S. aureus

MT 6320 LEC: CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (2 decks)

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