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PTOE Facts > Standards to Know > Flashcards

Standards to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Although crash involvement rates (crashes per 100,000 pop.) are highest for the five- to fifteen-year-old pedestrians, pedestrian fatality rates are highest for what age group?

A

70 years old and above

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2
Q

Under base conditions, what is generally considered to be freeway capacity?

A

2,250 to 2,400 passenger cars per hour per lane

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3
Q

What is the maximum superelevation rate that AASHTO recommends for locations where snow and ice conditions prevail?

A

8%

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4
Q

What are the colors most commonly used for regulatory signs?

A

white, black, and red

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5
Q

A “road safety audit” is?

A

a structured process by a team of qualified professionals focused solely on safety

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6
Q

Conversion of two-way streets to one-way flow can reduce what types of crashes?

A

pedestrian, left-turn, and rear-end

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7
Q

For a spot speed study, a sample size of how many vehicles is generally considered reliable under most circumstances?

A

100 vehicles per lane

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8
Q

Most commonly used form of traffic calming?

A

speed humps

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9
Q

What is the minimum vertical clearance for a sign installed above a sidewalk?

A

7 feet

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10
Q

Lettering requirement by MUTCD?

A

Lettering for names of places and streets on guide signs shall be a combo of lower-case letter with initial upper case letters

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11
Q

When timing pedestrian intervals for traffic control signals, what pedestrian walking speed should normally be used?

A

3.5 feet per second

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12
Q

When calculating stopping sight distance, what does the AASHTO use as a deceleration rate?

A

11.2 feet per sec per sec

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13
Q

Recommendation to use what value of perception-reaction time for calculating Stopping Sight Distance

A

2.5 seconds

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14
Q

By U.S. federal law, every urbanized area over what population size must have an ongoing transportation planning process?

A

50,000

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15
Q

Pedestrian Hybrid beacons should be installed where?

A

at each end of the marked crosswalk

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16
Q

Negligence means?

A

failure to do what an ordinary, reasonably prudent person would do under similar circumstances

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17
Q

MUTCD: warning and guides signs used for temporary traffic control in incident management situations may have a black legend with what color background?

A

fluorescent pink

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18
Q

MUTCD: traffic control signal Yellow Change intervals should be:

A

in the range of 3 to 6 seconds long

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19
Q

Speed limit within a speed zone should be posted within 5 mph of what?

A

the 85th percentile speed of free-flowing traffic

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20
Q

Traffic signal WALKING PERSON indication should be displayed for a minimum of:

A

7 seconds

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21
Q

A “short term stationary” temporary traffic control zone occupies a location for:

A

more than 1 hour within a single daylight period

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22
Q

A 16-hour traffic count, usually from 6 am-10 pm, normally accounts for what percentage of daily traffic on a roadway?

A

90-95%

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23
Q

When more than one countermeasure is being considered for implementation at a problem location, the CMF for the individual countermeasures are:

A

multiplied together

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24
Q

What is a traffic calming measure that widens the sidewalk for a short distance to reduce the crossing distance and allow peds and drivers to see each other when parked vehicles would otherwise block?

A

curb extension

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25
Q

A serpentine curve in a road to slow traffic?

A

chicane

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26
Q

PHF=

A

hourly volume / peak flow rate (within the hour)

hourly volume / 4 (volume during the peak 15 min)

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27
Q

How many feet in a mile?

A

5,280 feet

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28
Q

Headway=

A

spacing (ft/veh) / speed (ft/s)

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29
Q

Minimum sign height over edge of road to bottom of sign

A

5 ft rural, 7 ft freeways

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30
Q

Minimum distance from face of curb for signs

A

2 ft

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31
Q

minimum height of overhead signs

A

17 ft

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32
Q

Shape of regulatory signs

A

rectangular

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33
Q

Avg. distance b/w signs

A

200 ft

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34
Q

Color Options: Regulatory

A

Black, red, white

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35
Q

Color Options: Warning

A

Yellow, fluorescent yellow-green

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36
Q

Color Options: Guide

A

Green…blue, red, white, brown

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37
Q

Color Options: Information

A

Blue…brown, green

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38
Q

Color Options: TTC

A

Orange

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39
Q

Color Options: Incident Management

A

fluorescent pink

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40
Q

Color Options: School

A

Fluorescent yellow-green

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41
Q

Color Options: Changeable Message Signs

A

Black…blue, green

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42
Q

Minimum Size of Stop Sign

A

36 in. x 36 in.

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43
Q

MUTCD Coding: Stop Sign

A

R1-1

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44
Q

MUTCD Coding: Yield Sign

A

R1-2

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45
Q

MUTCD Coding: Speed Limit Sign

A

R2-1

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46
Q

MUTCD Coding: Movement Prohibition Signs

A

R3-x series

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47
Q

MUTCD Coding: Do Not Pass, Keep Right, Slow

A

R4-x series

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48
Q

MUTCD Coding: Do Not Enter, No Peds, etc.

A

R5-x series

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49
Q

MUTCD Coding: One Way, Divided Highway

A

R6-x series

50
Q

MUTCD Coding: Parking

A

R7-x series and R8-x series

51
Q

MUTCD Coding: Pedestrian

A

R9-x series

52
Q

MUTCD Coding: Pedestrian at signal

A

R10-1 thru 10-5 series

53
Q

MUTCD Coding: Vehicles at signals

A

R10-6+

54
Q

MUTCD Coding: Closed

A

R11-x series

55
Q

MUTCD Coding: Weight Limits

A

R12-x series

56
Q

Minimum size for all diamond-shaped warning signs

A

36 x 36

57
Q

MUTCD Coding: Horiz. Alignment

A

W1-1 to W1-15, W13-1P to W13-7

58
Q

MUTCD Coding: Vertical Grade

A

W7-x series

59
Q

MUTCD Coding: Road & Weather, Advanced Traff Control

A

W3-1 to W3-8, W8-1 to W8-25, W17-1, W23-2

60
Q

MUTCD Coding: Merging and Passing

A

W4-1 to W4-6, W6-3, W9-1, W9-2, W9-7, W14-3

61
Q

numbering of interchanges

A

starts at southernmost or westernmost terminus within the state

62
Q

numbering for circumferential routes

A

clockwise beginning west of the south end of an imaginary north-south line bisecting the route

63
Q

Acceptable pavement marking colors

A

yellow, white, red, blue, or purple

64
Q

Required center line & edge line markings

A

urban arterials/collectors and above, rural with 20’ wide and ADT of 6,000+

65
Q

Avg height for sight distance

A

3.5 ft

66
Q

Taper Lengths

A

L=WS for 45 mph or larger, L=WS^2/60… min. 100ft in urban, 200 in rural

67
Q

Signal Warrants

A 
1-8-hr vehicular volume
2-4-hr veh vol
3-peak hr
4-ped vol
5-school crossing
6-coordinated signal syst
7-crash experience
8-roadway network
9-intersection near a grade xing
68
Q

Traffic control signals, operation options

A

pretimed, semi-actuated, full-actuated

69
Q

Two size diameters of traffic signals

A

8” or 12”

70
Q

min and max height above pavement for signal

A

15 ft, 25.6 ft

71
Q

Signal: Yellow change interval duration

A

3 sec. min. to 6 sec. max.

72
Q

Minimum “walk” time for signals

A

7 sec

73
Q

brake reaction time

A

2.5 seconds

74
Q

deceleration rate

A

3.4 m/s^2

75
Q

height of driver’s eye

A

3.5 ft

76
Q

height of object for SSD

A

2 ft

77
Q

height of object for PSD

A

3.5 ft

78
Q

highest superelevation rate for highways

A

10 percent

79
Q

max. superelevation for snow and ice

A

8 percent

80
Q

Compound curve ratio b/w curves

A

2:1

81
Q

max change in gradient at 50 mph

A

.50 percent

82
Q

horizontal sight distance

A

50 mph, 1150 ft radius, 20 ft sight line

83
Q

min. length of horiz. curve on highways

A

L=15V

84
Q

Max vertical grade

A

70 mph- 5 percent

30 mph= 7-12%

85
Q

min. vertical grade

A

.5% typically

86
Q

cross slopes on sidewalks

A

2%

87
Q

median refuge for sidealk

A

6 ft min.

88
Q

desirable min. width of a parking lane (street parking)

A

8 ft

89
Q

clear zone: local roads

A

7 to 10 ft

90
Q

urban local roads: min. radius

A

100 ft

91
Q

urban local: grades

A

residential: 15%; commercial/industrial: 8%

92
Q

urban local: cul-de-sacs

A

min. outside radii=30’ (res.), 50’ (comm.)

93
Q

LOS of rural arterials

A

B-flat, C-rolling/mountainous

94
Q

Shoulders for freeways

A

left shoulder: 4-8ft

right shoulder: 10-12ft

95
Q

Median width on freeways

A

50-100ft… 10-30 allowed when ROW is restricted. Median has to be paved with median barrier

96
Q

Freeway foreslope

A

1:6

97
Q

3 basic elements of functional area

A

1) perception-reaction decision distance
2) maneuver distance
3) queue-storage distance

98
Q

Roundabout inscribed circle diameter

A

mini: 45-90ft
single: 90-150 ft
multi: 140-250 ft

99
Q

Truck driver’s eye height

A

7.6 ft

100
Q

Cases for sight distance

A

A-no control; B-stop on minor; C-yield on min.; D-signal; E-AWSC; F-left turns from major

101
Q

decision point, departure sight triangles

A

14.5 ft form edge of major road

102
Q

ISD

A

ISD=1.47Vmajort…t=time gap

103
Q

time gaps for turns

A

stop: left-7.5 sec; right-6.5 sec.
yield: 8.0 sec.
left turn from maj.: 5.5 sec.

104
Q

CFI

A

Continuous flow intersection (Camelia at Johnston left turn lanes cross through traffic before intersection)

105
Q

typical roundabout circulating lane capacity

A

1,400 veh/h

106
Q

typical roundabout circulating lane capacity-Two Lane

A

2,200 veh/h

107
Q

Trumpet

A

three leg intersection; both left turns jughandle out

108
Q

Three-leg directional

A

three leg int.; lefts are regular ramps

109
Q

One Quadrant

A

offset intersections instead of one main intersection

110
Q

Diamond

A

exit ramps to right, from exit ramp, ramp to left onto minor. minor enters before crossing major

111
Q

SPDI

A

Single-Point Diamond Interchange: form of diamond w/ a single signalized int. through which all lefts utilize

112
Q

Partial Cloverleaf

A

exit right and ramp left to minor like diamond; however right from minor is a jughandle onto major

113
Q

Full Cloverleaf

A

exit to take rights are normal; all lefts are jughandle

114
Q

All-Directional Four Leg

A

each direction has its own elevated ramp in the traditional direction (houston bowl)

115
Q

Three types of grade-separation structures

A

deck type, through, and partial

116
Q

ADT range for local roads

A

2000 vpd or less

117
Q

ADT range for collectors

A

2,000-12,000 vpd

118
Q

ADT range for arterials

A

12,000-40,000 vpd

119
Q

ADT range for freeways

A

30,000 vpd or higher

120
Q

DHV

A

Design Hour Volume…30th hour volume…two-way unless otherwise specified

121
Q

K-factor

A

=DHV/AADT….urban=0.09; rural=0.10

122
Q

Signal Phasing: even vs odd

A

Even=through (2&6 major, 4&8 minor)

Odd=left-turn (1&5 major, 3&7 minor)

PTOE Facts (1 decks)

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