standard Model Flashcards
What force is carried by a photon?
Electromagnetic Force
Give an example of a Baryon.
Proton
Neutron
What is meant by a Meson?
Mesons are made from 2 quarks.
They always consist of a quark and an antiquark pair.
What is a Boson?
Bosons are force carrying particles.
What is beta (minus) decay?
Beta (minus) decay is when a neutron decays into a proton releasing an electron and an antineutrino.
Name the four Bosons.
- Photons
- W and Z Bosons
- Gluons
- Gravitons
What is meant by a Hadron?
Particles made from quarks
What is the Standard Model?
The Standard Model explains how the basic building blocks of matter interact, governed by four fundamental forces.
What is a fundamental particle?
A fundamental particle is one that cannot be broken down into any sub particles.
What did beta decay provide the first evidence for?
The existence of neutrinos.
Why were neutrinos suggested as an extra particle produced as a result of beta decay?
When beta decay occurs momentum and energy should be conserved. This was not happening if only the proton and beta particle were considered. There had to be another particle that carried the rest of the energy away.
What evidence is there for antimatter?
Positrons discovered ocurring naturally in cosmic rays.
What force is carried by a Graviton?
Gravity force
How does an antimatter particle compare with a matter particle?
Antimatter particle has similar properties to the matter particle but equal and opposite charge.
What can you say about electrons absorbing photons in the photoelectric effect?
- An electron can only absorb the energy from one photon
- The electron absorbs all the energy from the photon.
Why does the photoelectric effect give evidence for light to be considered as a particle?
- Photoelectric effect cannot be explained if light is thought of as a wave or any light would cause photoemission if it shone on the surface long enough to deliver enough energy to the electrons..
- Each photon contains a discrete amount of energy which results in one photon ejecting one electron
What is meant by a Baryon?
Baryons are made from 3 quarks
What force is carried by a Gluon?
Strong force
If an incident photon is greater than the work function what happens to the rest of the photon’s energy?
The electron that is ejected has the rest of the energy as kinetic energy.
If an unstable nucleus undergoes beta decay what is given out and what is the effect on the mass number and the atomic number?
An electron from the nucleus is given out along with an antineutrino.
The mass number of the product remains the same and the atomic number increases by one.
What will a stationary charge create?
An electric field
What is the Work Function?
The minimum energy required to eject an electron from a metal surface.
What are the two types of Fermions?
Quark
and
Lepton
What will a moving charge create?
- An electric field
- Magnetic field
Describe the field lines between two negative charges.
The field lines run towards the negative charges but no filed lines between them.
In the photoelectric effect, what happens to the maximum kinetic energy of an electron if the irradiance is increased?
Why?
- There is no effect on the maximum kinetic energy it remains the same.
- The energy of the incident photons (E = hf) is unchanged.
What force is carried by W and Z bosons?
Weak force
If an unstable nucleus undergoes alpha decay what is given out and what is the effect on the mass number and the atomic number?
An alpha particle is a helium nucleus.
Mass Number - This means that the product mass number + the mass number of a helium nucleus = mass number of the original unstable nucleus.
Atomic Number - This means that the product atomic number + the atomic number of a helium nucleus = atomic number of the original unstable nucleus.
What is the effect of an electric field on a charged particle?
The particle will experience a force that causes an acceleration.
Describe the electric field around a negative charge.
Field lines towards negatively charged particle.
What are the names of the 6 types of Quarks?
- Up
- Down
- Charm
- Strange
- Top
- Bottom
A proton is made up of two up quarks and a down quark. The up quarks are both positively charged. Why does the proton not get torn apart?
Gluons carry the strong force to hold the quarks together. This strong force is greater than the force of repulsion between the particles.
What is a Fermion?
It is a matter particle.
What are the names of the 6 types of Leptons?
- Electron
- Electron neutrino
- Muon
- Muon neutrino
- Tau
- Tau Neutrino
