Standard model

Question 1

How many quarks are there?

Answer 1

6

Question 2

How many leptons are there?

Answer 2

6

Question 3

How many bosons are there?

Answer 3

4(force mediating particles)

Question 4

what are fermions?

Answer 4

quarks and leptons(6 each)

Question 5

what are the names(flavours) of the 6 quarks?

Answer 5

up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top

Question 6

what are the names(flavours) of the 6 leptons?

Answer 6

electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau, tau neutrino

Question 7

what are the 4 bosons?

Answer 7

gluon, photon, Z boson, and W boson

Question 8

gravitational force(gravitron)

Answer 8

weakest of the 4 fundamental forces, the gravitron is the exchange particle, attracts particles with a mass, and is responsible for holding matter together

Question 9

electromagnetic force(photon)

Answer 9

prevents the electron from flying out of the atom

Question 10

weak force(w and z bosons)

Answer 10

involved in beta decay, exchange particles are w and z bosons, extremely short-range

Question 11

strong force(Gluons)

Answer 11

holds particles of the same charge together, holds quarks together to form hadrons, strong enough to overcome the force of repulsion between the proton and the nucleus

Question 12

what is a neutrino?

Answer 12

has no charge, never interacts, produced in many interactions such as beta decay, initially discovered in beta decay experiments

Question 13

what is beta decay?

Answer 13

it is the splitting of the nucleus into a proton and an electron but for momentum to be conserved a neutrino is also emitted

Question 14

what is annihilation?

Answer 14

when matter and anti-matter particles completely annihilate into energy, other particles are produced from this energy

Question 15

what is a hadron?

Answer 15

hadron means massive in Greek, they are made up of quarks, there are two types of hadrons- baryons consisting of 3 quarks and mesons made up of quarks and the corresponding anti-quarks.

Question 16

baryons

Answer 16

an example could be a proton and a neutron

Question 17

mesons

Answer 17

quark plus its corresponding anti-quark, it is very unstable, an example is a pion made up of an up quark and a down anti-quark

Question 18

what are leptons?

Answer 18

light ones in Greek, can’t be split, first gen is an electron, second gen is a muon and third is a tau(these are negative)

Question 19

what is nuclear fusion?

Answer 19

when 2 small nuclei are combined to form a bigger nucleus