standard/airborne/droplet/contact precautions Flashcards
for all patients
standard precautions
precautions taken in case the pt has an infection, but we don’t know. but b/c of these precautions taken, we protect ourselves in case. ex: hand hygiene, wearing glolives, so on
airborne precautions
diseases that can be transmitted when someone coughs or sneezes (respiratory droplets)
wear N95 mask, negative pressure.
- varicella - zoster (chicken pox & shingles)
disseminated herpes zoster (shingles) - measles (rubeola)
- tuberculosis
use air MTV: M for measles, T for TB, V for varicella
-varicella & herpes zoster: pt needs to be on contact precautions as well, not just airborne.
dissiminated: widespread infection all over the body
Airborne chicken dissected her meal her tubby till mealworm
chicken pox: varricela, dissected her: herpes, meal: measles (rubeola), tubby: tuberculosis
-negative pressure room: keeps pressure lower in pt’s room. door needs to be closed at all times
droplet precautions (SURGICAL MASK)
mostly respiratory diseases + viruses (adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza) + some bacterial infections
travel less distance, unlike airborne, 3ft max.
pneumonia (all)
MMR: German measles(Rubella: LLA droplet
diphtheria (pharyngeal)
whooping cough (pertussis)
meningitis
streptococcal pharyngitis
scarlet fever: caused by strep throat, think scarlet: strep
epiglottitis
my perfect mum flew a dozen strong men on a plane in a park in Montreal to add a new epic rhino.
flu (influenza) and adenovirus also on contact precautions as well (so all 3 transmission based)
CONTACT
MRSA, VRE,
DIARRHEA: cdiff,
norovirus: no contact
hepatitis A
SKIN INFECTIONS: LICE (pediculosis): Lice, Impetigo, SCABIES, HERPES SIMPLEX,
CHICKEN POX (VARICELLA): ALL 3
shingles (all 3 precautions): droplet, contact, airborne)
skin diphtheria (droplet + contact), shingles
WOUND INFECTIONS, Ulcers
pulmonary infections: RSV, PARAINFLUENZA
EYE INFECTIONS: CONjunctivitis: CONtact
Don medical Gloves/gown w/ Every Contact Precaution Session.
RSV is spread primarily by contact, but also droplet.
TUBERCULOSIS
nonproductive cough or productive cough?
tuberculosis causes a productive cause w/ sputum and blood (hemoptysis)
infective endocarditis
causes cardiac murmurs, fevers, night sweats, chest pain, petechiae.
for ex: if patient has night sweats and fever, and chest pain that doesn’t automatically mean its tuberculosis. infective endocarditis can cause that as well, in addition if they have a new onset of cardiac murmurs, that’s definitely endocartitis and not TB. they have at least 3 symptoms in common (NS, F, CP)
DIAGNOSIS: electrocardiogram or echo is the gold standard
vegetation or abscess will show in echo: infected mass
epiglottis
sore throat, diff swallowing, drooling, horse voice, fever or high temp
another name for pediculosis
lice and that’s contact precautions
can use pediculosis shampoo on pubic hair as well, its usually 1% permethrin
sexual partners should also be screened for pubic lice. use comb to remove nets
wash clothes and linens in hot weather
neutropenic, cancer pt precaution
reverse precaution or neutropenic precautions
pets should not be living in the house
neutropenic same as agranulocytosis (low wbc)
RSV is spread by
RSV is spread primarily by contact, but also droplet.
seborrheic dermatitis
standard precautions, not contagious
radiation precautions
less than 1hr w/ patient
remain 6ft away
no pregnant women or children in that room
wear radiation badge to measure radiation exposure
fall precautions
don’t wear very loose pants
avoid clutter or rugs
negative culture for MRSA
pt doesn’t have MRSA, does not require contact precautions
seizure precautions
oxygen and suction at the bedside.
ensure bed rails are adequately padded
muscle rigidity, irritability, and a fever, which disease is this?
meningitis, add: stiff neck. place client on droplet precautions
which precautions for mono or the Epstein Barr virus?
standard precautions
when should N95 mask be removed, when should gown and gloves be removed?
all PPE should be removed before leaving the room, except the respirator (N95)
remove gown and gloves BEFORE leaving the room.
remove n95 after
varicella
norovirus
precautions for each
varicella: airborne + contact
norovirus: contact
NOrovirus: NO contact
position car seat at 45 degree angle
steps in order when a client has pneumonia
how long after antibiotics should fever stay away?
- obtain sputum sample to find out which pneumonia
- then administer antibiotic (after obtaining sputum sample, unless sepsis is suspected)
guafinesin can help break mucus since its an expectorant
fever should lessen 24-36hrs after administering antibiotic. if not then that could be antibiotic resistance. if shortness of breath persist, intervene cause that’s aiway
does pertussis (whooping cough) patient needs cough suppressant?
no b/c they’re coughing the mucus out, let them cough the disease out for a faster healing.
this is droplet precautions btw
just like with cdfif don’t give them loperamide or antidiarrhea med b.c diarrhea means they’re pooping out the infection
small amount of fluids frequently helps loosen the mucus so that it can be expectorated
percusis: violent spasmodic cough, high pitched sounds
monitor airways, oxygen if needed, antibiotics ordered
when is impetigo no longer contagious?
24 hours after receiving oral antibiotics
what mm is considered positive for tuberculosis and what mm is considered negative?
it does varies by group: immunosuppressed, poor countries, American born not peviously infected
less than 5mm indicates negative for tuberculosis
5mm is positive for people who are immunosupressed (injected group user, organ transplant, recent contact w/ someone with tb
10mm or higher is considered positive for people from poor countries or high risk group
15mm or higher is considered positive for people with no risks factors
in that case do a chase xray
prior exposure to TB vaccine (bacille calmette guerin) can also cause false +
RSV
how to care for a client with suspected RSV, what do you do when they first get there
is RSV bacterial or a viral infection?
give oxygen (suction the nares as needed), RSV may cause shortness of breath
IV fluids: to correct dehydration due to fever, tachypnea, or poor oral intake.
RSV is a antiviral infection, so antibiotics is not needed
med: palivizumab
enterobiosis
pinworm infection, characterized by itching
keep fingernails short
omphalocele
abdominal contents protrude through the umbilicus while remaining in the peritoneal sac
