standard/airborne/droplet/contact precautions

Question 1

standard precautions

Answer 1

precautions taken in case the pt has an infection, but we don’t know. but b/c of these precautions taken, we protect ourselves in case. ex: hand hygiene, wearing glolives, so on

Question 2

airborne precautions

Answer 2

diseases that can be transmitted when someone coughs or sneezes (respiratory droplets)
wear N95 mask, negative pressure.

1. varicella - zoster (chicken pox & shingles)
   disseminated herpes zoster (shingles)
2. measles (rubeola)
3. tuberculosis
   use air MTV: M for measles, T for TB, V for varicella

-varicella & herpes zoster: pt needs to be on contact precautions as well, not just airborne.
dissiminated: widespread infection all over the body

Airborne chicken dissected her meal her tubby till mealworm
chicken pox: varricela, dissected her: herpes, meal: measles (rubeola), tubby: tuberculosis

-negative pressure room: keeps pressure lower in pt’s room. door needs to be closed at all times

Question 3

droplet precautions (SURGICAL MASK)

Answer 3

mostly respiratory diseases + viruses (adenovirus, rhinovirus, influenza) + some bacterial infections
travel less distance, unlike airborne, 3ft max.

pneumonia (all)
MMR: German measles(Rubella: LLA droplet

diphtheria (pharyngeal)
whooping cough (pertussis)
meningitis
streptococcal pharyngitis
scarlet fever: caused by strep throat, think scarlet: strep
epiglottitis
my perfect mum flew a dozen strong men on a plane in a park in Montreal to add a new epic rhino.

flu (influenza) and adenovirus also on contact precautions as well (so all 3 transmission based)

Question 4

CONTACT

Answer 4

MRSA, VRE,
DIARRHEA: cdiff,
norovirus: no contact
hepatitis A
SKIN INFECTIONS: LICE (pediculosis): Lice, Impetigo, SCABIES, HERPES SIMPLEX,
CHICKEN POX (VARICELLA): ALL 3
shingles (all 3 precautions): droplet, contact, airborne)
skin diphtheria (droplet + contact), shingles
WOUND INFECTIONS, Ulcers
pulmonary infections: RSV, PARAINFLUENZA
EYE INFECTIONS: CONjunctivitis: CONtact
Don medical Gloves/gown w/ Every Contact Precaution Session.

RSV is spread primarily by contact, but also droplet.

Question 5

TUBERCULOSIS
nonproductive cough or productive cough?

Answer 5

tuberculosis causes a productive cause w/ sputum and blood (hemoptysis)

Question 6

infective endocarditis

Answer 6

causes cardiac murmurs, fevers, night sweats, chest pain, petechiae.

for ex: if patient has night sweats and fever, and chest pain that doesn’t automatically mean its tuberculosis. infective endocarditis can cause that as well, in addition if they have a new onset of cardiac murmurs, that’s definitely endocartitis and not TB. they have at least 3 symptoms in common (NS, F, CP)

DIAGNOSIS: electrocardiogram or echo is the gold standard
vegetation or abscess will show in echo: infected mass

Question 7

epiglottis

Answer 7

sore throat, diff swallowing, drooling, horse voice, fever or high temp

Question 8

another name for pediculosis

Answer 8

lice and that’s contact precautions

can use pediculosis shampoo on pubic hair as well, its usually 1% permethrin
sexual partners should also be screened for pubic lice. use comb to remove nets
wash clothes and linens in hot weather

Question 9

neutropenic, cancer pt precaution

Answer 9

reverse precaution or neutropenic precautions
pets should not be living in the house
neutropenic same as agranulocytosis (low wbc)

Question 10

RSV is spread by

Answer 10

RSV is spread primarily by contact, but also droplet.

Question 11

seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 11

standard precautions, not contagious

Question 12

radiation precautions

Answer 12

less than 1hr w/ patient
remain 6ft away
no pregnant women or children in that room
wear radiation badge to measure radiation exposure

Question 13

fall precautions

Answer 13

don’t wear very loose pants
avoid clutter or rugs

Question 14

negative culture for MRSA

Answer 14

pt doesn’t have MRSA, does not require contact precautions

Question 15

seizure precautions

Answer 15

oxygen and suction at the bedside.
ensure bed rails are adequately padded

Question 16

muscle rigidity, irritability, and a fever, which disease is this?

Answer 16

meningitis, add: stiff neck. place client on droplet precautions

Question 17

which precautions for mono or the Epstein Barr virus?

Answer 17

standard precautions

Question 18

when should N95 mask be removed, when should gown and gloves be removed?

Answer 18

all PPE should be removed before leaving the room, except the respirator (N95)
remove gown and gloves BEFORE leaving the room.
remove n95 after

Question 19

varicella
norovirus
precautions for each

Answer 19

varicella: airborne + contact
norovirus: contact
NOrovirus: NO contact

Question 20

position car seat at 45 degree angle

Question 21

steps in order when a client has pneumonia

how long after antibiotics should fever stay away?

Answer 21

1. obtain sputum sample to find out which pneumonia
2. then administer antibiotic (after obtaining sputum sample, unless sepsis is suspected)
   guafinesin can help break mucus since its an expectorant

fever should lessen 24-36hrs after administering antibiotic. if not then that could be antibiotic resistance. if shortness of breath persist, intervene cause that’s aiway

Question 22

does pertussis (whooping cough) patient needs cough suppressant?

Answer 22

no b/c they’re coughing the mucus out, let them cough the disease out for a faster healing.
this is droplet precautions btw

just like with cdfif don’t give them loperamide or antidiarrhea med b.c diarrhea means they’re pooping out the infection

small amount of fluids frequently helps loosen the mucus so that it can be expectorated

percusis: violent spasmodic cough, high pitched sounds
monitor airways, oxygen if needed, antibiotics ordered

Question 23

when is impetigo no longer contagious?

Answer 23

24 hours after receiving oral antibiotics

Question 24

what mm is considered positive for tuberculosis and what mm is considered negative?

it does varies by group: immunosuppressed, poor countries, American born not peviously infected

Answer 24

less than 5mm indicates negative for tuberculosis

5mm is positive for people who are immunosupressed (injected group user, organ transplant, recent contact w/ someone with tb

10mm or higher is considered positive for people from poor countries or high risk group

15mm or higher is considered positive for people with no risks factors

in that case do a chase xray
prior exposure to TB vaccine (bacille calmette guerin) can also cause false +

Question 25

RSV
how to care for a client with suspected RSV, what do you do when they first get there

is RSV bacterial or a viral infection?

Answer 25

give oxygen (suction the nares as needed), RSV may cause shortness of breath
IV fluids: to correct dehydration due to fever, tachypnea, or poor oral intake.

RSV is a antiviral infection, so antibiotics is not needed
med: palivizumab

Question 26

enterobiosis

Answer 26

pinworm infection, characterized by itching
keep fingernails short

Question 27

omphalocele

Answer 27

abdominal contents protrude through the umbilicus while remaining in the peritoneal sac