Stalin's Revolution Flashcards
What were Stalin’s plans from 1928 to improve Industry?
Five Year Plans would be implemented to industrialise and increase the numbers of the proletariat who traditionally support communism. Industry would improve farming with machinery
What did Collectivisation entail?
Peasants gave up everything they owned to the state. Small farms were grouped together into collective farms called Kolkhozes. Every year 40% of the output was taken by the government.
What were the consequences of Collectivisation?
The peasants killed and ate and burned everything they had instead of giving it to the state in protest. Shortages were made worse and collectivisation had to stop by 1930.
What happened to the kulaks under collectivisation?
They were ‘liquidated’, meaning executed or sent to labour camps in Siberia. However, kulaks were only kulaks because they were good farmers, so by doing this, all the good farmers were removed, making agricultural output even worse.
How did Collectivisation assist the five year plans?
Farms provided enough food for the proletariat. Exports increased despite decreased output, so machinery to industrialise could be bought. Many farmers urbanised and proletarianised to work in factories because they were not needed under collective farms.
How did Collectivisation help party control of the countryside?
It squashed religion by replacing churches with barns. It allowed the government to have direct control of the peasantry who were their main possible opposition.
What were Stalin’s plans from 1928 to improve Agriculture?
Collectivisation to increase food output and control the peasantry. Surplus would be exported to fuel industrialisation.
Why were the Five Year Plans plans crucial to the USSR considering it was the only communist country at the time?
They needed to industrialise in order to be able to defend themselves from other nations who felt threatened by communism
What was the first 5yr plan aimed at?
The plan aimed to increase heavy industry. (Factories were built in the Ural Mountains so they would be safe if the USSR were invaded from the west)
What were some notable figures about the first five year plan?
Coal and oil production nearly doubled. Apart from oil, none of the targets were met.
What was the focus of the second Five Year Plan?
It was aimed at improving heavy industry and also agriculture
Who were Stakhanovites?
Workers who were motivated to meet the standards of the impossibly productive Stakhanov, and who benefitted greatly from beating their quotas.
What were some notable figures about the second Five Year Plan?
Electricity and Steel output tripled, steel was the only one to meet its targets.
What was the Third five year plan focus?
Consumer goods until fear of war changed production to weapons and military vehicles.
What did the Five Year Plans do for Communist party control of the country?
In 1928 the party had little control outside cities but by 1940 the plans had industrialised the USSR giving the party widespread control
