Stalin's Economic Policies Flashcards
By 1928 how short was Russia of grain to feed the workers
2 million tonnes
Give three/four general reasons for collectivisation
Agriculture still backward improve production
Was the ‘socialist way’ of farming
More mechanised agriculture would free up labourers for other jobs
It was easier for the state to collect and regulate
What were the names of the three main collective farm types
The toz, the sovkhoz, the kolkhoz
What was a Toz farm
Where peasants owned their own land but shared machinery (more common pre-1930)
What was a Sovkhoz farm
Owned and run by the state with peasants paid a wage from the state (original aim of collectivisation was these farms to be most prevalent)
What was a Kolkhoz farm
All land was held in common and run by an elected committee. Around 50-100 households joined together and all resources were pooled (was the most favoured by the communists of all the types of farms).
On which farms could peasants have a small private plot and how big could it be
On kolkhoz farms a maximum of one acre
In December 1929 what did Stalin announce
The ‘Liquidation of the kulaks as a class”
What was the name given to the removal of the kulaks
Dekulakisation
Who was sent to force Collectivisation on the peasants
25,000 urban part activists backed by the OGPU (secret police) and the military
What were the three different punishments that could be given to Kulaks
Counter-revolutionaries were shot
Active opponents of Collectivisation sent to Labour camps often Siberia
The others were expelled from their land and forced to settle on poor land
When was a decree passed that allowed party organisations the power to use ‘necessary measures’ against the Kulaks
1st of February 1930
By the end of Collectivisation how many had been deported to Siberia or labour camps
10 million
Give an example on the effectiveness of propaganda against anything anti-collectivisation
A 13 year old girl denounced her mother for stealing grain
What did some peasants do in order to refuse collectivisation
Refused to hand over animals preferring to slaughter them
Peasants burnt crops and tools instead of handing them to the state
Which resistances did the government find most difficult to deal with and why
Women revolts. They were organised, reported in the press and morally difficult to oppose at the time
By the end of 1931 how much grain had the state collected? Was this high/low?
22.8 million (low)
During what period was the famine in Ukraine
Spring 1932 - 1934
How many was it estimated to have died in the Ukraine famine
Up to 7 million
Why was grain production lower than usual from 1930-32 (list three reasons)
Chaos of Collectivisation
The activists lack of farming knowledge
Drought over large areas of the USSR in 1931
Why could the famine in Ukraine be seen as man-made
Hidden stocks of grain held by peasants were rooted out and collected by OGPU
The continued export of grain
Requisitioned grain was left to rot in huge dumps in railway sidings whilst the starving couldn’t access it
How much grain was being exported in 1932 despite the famine in Ukraine
1.73 million tonnes
In 1936 how many peasants households were collectivised
90%
How much did the private plots provide for the market in the 1930’s (list two sectors)
70% of meat and 52% of vegetables
